青海云杉无性系木材性状的遗传变异

Wood Traits of Picea crassifolia Clones

采用相关分析、主成分分析和聚类分析方法对18个青海云杉无性系的生长性状和材性性状进行遗传变异研究,并通过多性状选择筛选出综合性状优良的无性系。结果表明：材性性状无性系间均存在较大的变异,除早材管胞长度与早材双壁厚度外,其他性状晚材的变异系数均大于早材;树脂道比量、生长轮宽度和晚材径向管胞腔径的变异系数较大（21.0%～34.2%）,管胞比量和基本密度的变异系数较小（0.50%和3.9%）。基本密度与管胞形态（晚材胞壁率、早材双壁厚度和晚材径向管胞腔径等）及组织比量（除树脂道比量）在无性系之间的差异均达到极显著或显著水平。22个性状中有9个性状的重复力在0.5以上。早材管胞长度与其它材性性状间的正负相关关系基本上和晚材管胞长度与其它性状的正负相关关系一致;基本密度与早材弦向管胞直径、管胞数量间有极显著的负相关,与生长轮宽度、晚材宽度、早材弦向管胞腔径、早材径向管胞直径间有显著的负相关。早材胞壁率与晚材胞壁率间亦呈极显著正相关,晚材率与早、晚材管胞长度间呈极显著正相关。管胞比量与木射线比量间呈极显著正相关关系。采用生长性状与材性性状联合选择的方法筛选出3个综合性状优良的无性系（3号、11号和17号）。

We measured genetic variation in growth and wood traits in Picea crassifolia clones and conducted genetic variation analysis,the correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The superior clones were selected by simple index selection. There were variations within the clones. Latewood had greater coefficient of variation than earlywood,excepting the tracheid length and wall thickness. There were abundant variations in the proportion of resin canal,annual ring width and radial lumen diameter of latewood and the coefficients of variation were in 21.0%-34.2%. There was small variation in the tracheid proportion and basal density and the coefficient of variation was 0. 50% and 3. 9%,respectively.There were significant differences in basal density and tracheid traits（ cell wall percentage of latewood,wall thickness of earlywood,radial lumen diameter of latewood etc.） among clones. There were（ very） significant differences in tissue proportion（ besiding the proportion of resin canal） among clones. These repeatabilities of nine traits were higher than 0.5. By correlation analysis,the correlation of in earlywood with other wood traits was basically same to that in latewood. Basal density was very negatively correlated with chordwise mid-diameter of earlywood and tracheid number,which was negatively related to annual ring width,latewood width,chordwise lumen diameter and radial mid-diameter of earlywood tracheid.Cell wall percentage of earlywood was very positively correlated with cell wall percentage of latewood,latewood percentage was very positively related to tracheid length of earlywood and latewood,tracheid proportion wood was very positively related to wood ray proportion. Three superior clones were selected by simple index selection.