中国马铃薯育种存在的问题及建议

Problem and Proposal for Potato Breeding in China

通过对中国马铃薯育种存在的品种保护的整体观念不强,没有形成品种有偿使用的市场机制,育种以科研院所为主,育种方向偏离市场需求,育种节奏也无法跟上市场发展,审定品种类型单一,加工品种奇缺的局面并没有得到有效缓解,且品种审定滞后于市场发展,企业缺乏育种能力等体制和观念问题的探讨,提出改变原有马铃薯育种体制,提高企业的育种实力,提升马铃薯新品种保护意识和保护能力,修改品种区域试验中品种评价标准,改善区域试验条件,使品种审定符合市场需求的建议和解决办法,指出构建一个促使马铃薯育种长效发展的社会市场机制是当务之急。

The problems in the potato breeding of China were analyzed, including weak holism concept for variety protection, no paid – use market mechanism for a variety, breeding efforts mainly within university or institute, slow process in variety development and often not satisfying market requirement, more late maturing varieties for table and less varieties for processing in released varieties, variety registration often behind market development, and no breeding ability in enterprises.Some proposals were put forward, which included changing past system of breeding, enhancing enterprise ability in potato breeding, lifting social idea and protecting ability for a new variety right, improving evaluation standard and trial conditions in variety regional trials. Finally, it was pointed out that it was necessary to set up persistent and effective system to promote the development of potato varieties.