新闻侵权问题伦理考量的历史与逻辑

The History and Logic of Ethical Consideration on Press Tort

新闻侵权的观念史与法理阐释同时为新闻的合理规制提供了伦理考量的基本框架。作为侵权行为,诽谤或隐私侵犯各有其法律渊源与抗辩原则;作为伦理议题,诽谤与隐私侵犯所涉及的,均为个体的独立自主性与人格完整,名誉强调人格的构成性,隐私强调人格的完成性,两者只是个体人格尊严的不同侧面。基于两种主要新闻侵权行为法理逻辑差异性与相似性的历史探究,本文对新闻实践中公共利益与私人权利的艰难平衡进行了伦理想像。

The history of idea and nomological interpretation of press torts provide us with a basic ethical consideration of reasonable regulations of news practices. As torts,defamation and invasion of privacy have their own legal origins and defense principles; As ethical issues,both defamation and invasion of privacy refer to autonomy and integrity of personalities of individuals,with reputation emphasizing on constitution as while privacy on completeness,which are different aspects of dignity of human personality. Based on the historical inquiry of the differences as well as similarities of the nomological logic of the two major press torts,this paper gives an ethical imagination of the tough balance between public interest and private rights in news practices.