基于冠层温度和土壤墒情的实时监测与灌溉决策系统

Real-time Monitoring System of Crop Canopy Temperature and Soil Moisture for Irrigation Decision-making

设计了一个可以在线连续监测田间作物冠层温度、环境信息和土壤墒情的实时灌溉决策系统,并将其安装于农田进行了1 a实际运行和观测。系统采用太阳能供电和微处理器进行数据采集和管理,为野外的实际应用提供了保障。系统配置了红外温度、空气温/湿度、土壤水分/水势等传感器,能够及时采集田间全面的同步数据,排除了异地观测所形成的数据误差。采用悬臂式多点采集下垫面红外温度检测方法,可以快速采集更多和更高精度的数据,避免单点测量的人为误差。系统配备的快速锁紧装置,能够根据下垫面作物的生长情况进行传感器位置高度调节,使检测数据更符合田间实际情况。通过运行管理和监测数据分析可见,所监测数据能够很精细的刻画田间作物实际生长状况,可以用于灌区综合灌溉决策,实现田间精量灌溉管理和控制,为灌溉管理的精量化和智能化提供数据支持。

The messages of crop water deficit,soil moisture and field meteorology are the fundamental data to meet the needs of water saving,good quality and high yield in modern field irrigation management.Above all,it is very important to obtain these data at the same step in real time. A field monitoring system in real-time was presented which could support the data of crop canopy temperature,environment message and soil moisture at 1 h interval. It was powered by solar panel and controlled with a microprocessor to manage the data collection and storage. The configured sensors included infrared temperature, air temperature and humidity, soil water content, soil water potential and temperature. The infrared temperature sensor was installed at the end of the cantilever arm fitted on the upright stainless steel rod. It had a 45° inclination angle of the cantilever arm to scan the temperature of underlying surface. Each time,it collected multiple spot at 36° interval above the crop canopy and went back to the original location.Therefore,the average value of the canopy temperature would be more precise than that of the single detection. The rapid locking device could adjust the cantilever arm and sensors to the suitable position following the stainless steel rod,according to the need in different crop growth seasons. After the analysis of the monitoring data,all of these could describe the refined crop actual circumstance in the field and they can be used in irrigation decision-making and irrigation management. Moreover,how to separate reasonablythe surface temperature occurred from infrared data scanned and determine the dependable threshold values of irrigation decision-making indexes,are the key points in the next step.