因病致贫返乡农民工健康状况调查及医疗救助模式探讨

Study on health status of home-returning migrant workers in poverty by illness and medical aid model

目的探讨因病致贫返乡农民工的健康现况,探索对此类人群的医学救助模式,推动我国福利制度的完善以惠及弱势群体。方法采用整群抽样调查方法对甘肃省W县和L县、湖北省Y县的3 063名返乡农民工进行问卷调查,对其中1 008人进行健康体检,发放健康礼包1 000个,并选择病情较重、生活贫困的36人给予重点医疗救助。结果体检的1 008名返乡农民工,身体状况正常289人(占28.67%)、异常719人(占71.33%),其中疑似职业病433人(占42.96%),合并肺结核占5.75%;59.32%外出农民工因健康问题而返乡。问卷调查显示,近3年仅33.69%的返乡农民工接受过体检,体检结果异常者占68.50%,其中36.28%曾住院治疗,44.99%的返乡农民工住院费用为自费。结论返乡农民工的职业健康问题较普通职业人群严重,返乡农民工职业病的监护、诊断、治疗及康复保障无法落实已经成为较严重的社会问题。

Objective To investigate the health status of home-returning migrant workers in poverty by illness,and explore the mode of medical assistance. To promote the welfare system,and to benefit the social vulnerable groups. Methods Through cluster sampling survey method,3 063 home-returning migrant workers conducted questionnaire investigation in W and L County of Gansu Province,and Y County of Hubei Province. Among them,1 008 workes received health examination,1 000 health gift packages were offered to them; 36 workers,who were plagued by poverty and illness,were given key medical assistance.Results Among 1 008 home-returning migrant workers who received health examination,719 people were abnormal,accounting for 71. 33%; 433 people were suspected of occupational disease,accounting for 42. 96%; and 5. 75% of them had pulmonary tuberculosis; additionally,59. 32% of migrant workers returned home owing to health problems. The questionnaire survey showed that only 33. 69% of home-returning migrant workers had received health examination in the past three years,68. 50% of them showed abnormal results and 36. 28% had been hospitalized,the hospitalization expenses were paid by themselves in44. 99% of these people. Conclusion The home-returning migrant workers have serious occupational health problem,their occupational disease surveillance,diagnosis,treatment and rehabilitation all have not been implemented,that has become a serious social problem.