对“马凌诺斯基革命”的重新思考

A Reflection on the "Malinowski Revolution"

本文通过对英国功能学派"史前史"的考察,再联系发生在中国的一些田野调查实践,对"马凌诺斯基革命"进行了重新思考。文章指出:田野调查早已有之,不能将"田野调查革命"和田野调查的起源混为一谈;后来被归功于"马凌诺斯基革命"的许多东西在1922年之前已有表述,我们在承认马凌诺斯基贡献的同时,也应注意到他承袭了前人的许多遗产;人类学民族志田野工作并非生来便是马凌诺斯基式的,它原本可以有别的样态;现代民族志和功能主义的联合并非逻辑意义上的唯一可能性。

Based on the survey of the ＂prehistory＂ of British functionalist school and some practice of fieldwork in China,this paper reflects on the ＂Malinowski revolution＂ in the areas as follows;The origin of fieldwork preceded the ＂fieldwork revolution＂ in terms of time;some of the insights that were later attributed to ＂ Malinowski revolution＂ had already been established before 1922;Malinowski’ s indebtedness to the predecessors are also worth noticing when his contribution is to be recognized;the anthropological fieldwork was not born Malinowskian,on account of the existence of the other styles of ＂field＂;and the combination of modern ethnography and functionalism was not the only logical probability.