杜甫《戏为六绝句》与曹丕《典论·论文》

Du Fu's Joking Remarks on Six Quatrains and Cao Pi's Lun Wen in Dian Lun

杜甫《戏为六绝句》在理论体系之建构上,全面继承了曹丕《典论·论文》的文学思想。关于批评界的不良风气,"轻薄为文哂未休"与"文人相轻"的观点相近。以此为据,对"轻薄为文"这一充满歧义和争议的命题进行辨析。关于批评方法和标准,"不薄今人爱古人"与"贵远贱近"的理论相似。在如何实践这一批评原则上,杜甫"读书破万卷"与曹丕"备历五经四部"等见解相合。文体论上,杜甫"能诗不能文"和"尽得古今之体势"与曹丕的"文非一体,鲜能备善"及其"能之者偏也,唯通才能备其体"的说法契合。价值论上,曹丕"传声名于后"的"文章不朽"论与杜甫"尔曹身与名俱灭,不废江河万古流"则极为吻合。

Du Fu＇ s Joking Remarks on Six Quatrains in the construction of theoretical system, completely inher- its the literary thought in Cao Pi＇ s Lun Wen （Essay on Literature） in Dian Lun （ Classical Theories）. In terms of unhealthy practice of critics, ＂endlessly sarcastic comments by shallow critics＂ is close to the view that ＂two of a trade never agree＂. Hence the proposition of ＂sarcastic comments of shallow critics＂, controversial and disput- able, is analyzed in this paper. In terms of the critical methods and standards, similarities exist between ＂not depreciating the contemporary and loving the ancient＂ and the theory of ＂cherishing the faraway but humiliating the nearby＂. As for how to put into practice this critical principle, ＂reading as widely as ten thousand volumes＂ by Du Fu meet the ideas of ＂reading through Five Classics and Four Books＂. In stylistics, Du Fu＇ s ＂composing poems instead of articles＂ and ＂entirely acquiring the advantages of ancient and modern styles＂ also agree with Cao Pi＇ s expressions that ＂the style of article is not limited within one type and few people can be good at all the styles＂, and meantime ＂the competent always have the partial preference and only the all-round ones can do well in all styles of articles＂. In terms of attitudes towards value, Cao Pi＇ s view that ＂immortal articles leave reputa- tion behind＂ is extremely identical with Du Fu＇ s idea that ＂both bodies and names of mediocre writers have dis- appeared rivers. ＂ while （the other four outstanding ancient scholars and their works） will last forever like the untiring