重庆市部分农村居民高血压与糖尿病患病率及影响因素分析

Analysis on prevalence rate of hypertension,diabetes and its associated factors among some rural residents in Chongqing

目的了解农村居民高血压、糖尿病等主要慢性病患病率及影响因素,为开展农村地区慢性病防控工作提供建议。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法对18岁以上的农村常住居民进行问卷调查与身体测量,采集血样检测空腹血糖与餐后2h血糖。采用χ^2检验判别高血压与糖尿病的影响因素,采用多因素Logistic回归分析鉴别高血压与糖尿病患病率的独立影响因素。结果共计调查农村居民2 406名,自我报告平均每天每人盐与油摄入量为6.7g与44.4g,21.0%的农村居民有吸烟史,22.4%的农村居民过去12个月有饮酒史,32.6%的农村居民平时进行锻炼,超重与肥胖的比例分别为25.4%与6.2%,高血压患病率22.0%,糖尿病患病率9.4%。年龄（OR=1.83,95%CI：1.68-1.98）、文化程度（OR=0.67,95%CI：0.55-0.82）、体质量（OR=1.68,95%CI：1.44-1.96）、血糖（OR=0.60,95%CI：0.51-0.70）是高血压患病率的独立影响因素。年龄（OR=1.33,95%CI：1.20-1.48）、性别（OR=1.48,95%CI：1.11-1.98）、文化程度（OR=0.77,95%CI：0.60-0.98）、体质量（OR=1.40,95%CI：1.16-1.70）、血压（OR=0.77,95%CI：0.64-0.93）是糖尿病患病率的独立影响因素。结论农村居民高血压与糖尿病患病率高,并呈上升的趋势,膳食不合理、身体活动不足、吸烟、有害饮酒、超重与肥胖等影响因素普遍存在,农村地区慢性病防控应引起高度的重视。

Objective To understand the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes and its associated factors among rural residents in Chongqing,in order to provide the evidence for conducting non-communicable disease prevention and control in rural area.Methods Rural residents aged above 18 years old were sampled by multi-stage stratified random sampling.The resident sampled was interviewed with the structured questionnaire by face-to-face and examined body weight,height,blood pressure,waist circumference.The blood sample was taken to test fasting glucose,2hglucose.The associated factors of hypertension and diabetes were identified by Chi-square test and the independent factors of hypertension and diabetes were identified by Logistic regression.Results A total of 2 406 rural residents were interviewed.The amount of salt in taking and oil in taking per person per day self-reported was6.7g and 44.4g.The proportion of smoking among rural residents was 21.0%.The proportion of alcohol use in the past 12 months was 22.4%.32.6% of interviewees participated in the regular physical activity.The proportion of overweight and obesity among rural residents was 25.4% and 6.2%.The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes was 22.0% and 9.4%.The independent factor of hypertension was age（OR=1.83,95%CI：1.68-1.98）,education level（OR=0.67,95%CI：0.55-0.82）,body index（OR=1.68,95%CI：1.44-1.96）,blood glucose（OR=0.60,95%CI：0.51-0.70）.The independent factor of diabetes was age（OR=1.33,95%CI：1.20-1.48）,gender（OR=1.48,95%CI：1.11-1.98）,education level（OR=0.77,95%CI：0.60-0.98）,body index（OR=1.40,95%CI：1.16-1.70）and blood pressure（OR=0.77,95%CI：0.64-0.93）.Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes was high.The risk factors such as unhealthy diet,physical inactivity,smoking,harmful alcohol use,overweight and obesity is common among rural residents.It should be attached an importance on non-communicable disease prevention and control in rural area.