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不同牛舍地面设计对奶牛的影响 被引量:4

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摘要 高产奶牛几乎全年或是整个生产周期都是在畜舍内度过。非放牧条件下(如散栏饲养),多种因素(磨损、创伤、体重和微生物)会影响奶牛的蹄部(站立的时候)和腿部(躺卧的时候)健康。尤其是奶牛在生活环境较差时不愿意走动,以免发生危险。躺卧区域对奶牛来说最为重要,通道地面的质量还是会对奶牛行为产生很大影响,因为奶牛要四处走动进行社交活动,还要采食和挤奶。为了给奶牛的休息、站立和行走提供合适的地面,牛舍需要配备柔软的地面,同时要有足够的摩擦力(防止牛蹄过度生长或避免过度损伤),并保证地面的干燥和清洁。管理者应关注牛舍地面的卫生状况和管理水平,注意可能引起奶牛肢蹄损伤的危险区域,尽量减少奶牛行走在坚硬、不卫生及易损伤肢蹄的地面上,要保证每头牛有一个舒适的卧床。应减少奶牛挤奶等候的时间,并保证奶牛24h都能觅食。从长远的投资收益而言,牛舍建造应考虑使用柔软有弹性、质量好的橡胶垫,牛舍地面要有一定倾斜度,保证尿液及时通过管道排出,最好使用橡胶漏缝地板,同时配备刮粪板,最好在采食通道上铺设橡胶垫,并建设坚固的排水管道及排污系统。
出处 《中国奶牛》 2015年第11期61-63,共3页 China Dairy Cattle
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