从“文本”到“本文”的田野阐释——以普米族口传文学为例

INTERPRETATION FROM “TEXT”TO “TEXTUAL”THROUGH FIELDWORK: AN EXAMPLE OF ORAL LITERATURE OF THE PUMI

口传文学通常以一种"文本"的形式呈现,但其中所隐现的民族文化意蕴却促使人类学家去追寻其"本文",并通过田野调查和民族志的阐述而探寻"本文"之所以得以展演的内在逻辑。普米族口传文学在不同的层面上为当地人阐释当前的生活伦理及社会规则提供了依据,而特定的社会、文化和历史环境又为口传文学的传承和记忆提供了必要的条件。田野工作使我们得以把握某一文化的基本结构,进而可以对文本与本文之间的关系进行深层的阐释。

Usually, oral literature is presented as a ＇text＇ in plied impels anthropologist to search the textual and the internal which the meaning of ethnic culture im- logic that the text is presented through fieldwork and ethnographic interpretation. The oral literature of the Pumi provides the local people with a basis to interpret their living ethics and social norms in several levels whereas the given social, cultural and historical situations provides necessary conditions for the inheritance of the Pumi＇ s oral literature. Fieldwork helps us to grasp the fundamental structure of a given culture and to explore the relationship of text and tex- tual intensively.