远探测声反射波测井裂缝识别条件分析（英文）

Fracture identification based on remote detection acoustic reflection logging

裂缝识别对碳酸盐岩储层测井评价至关重要,传统的测井仪器由于探测深度浅(小于3米)而无法对井壁外围(大于3米)裂缝发育情况进行评价,远探测声波测井仪器釆用相控阵发射、同时加大源距,有效提升了测井仪器的探测深度。但由于缺少正演模拟研究,目前对于裂缝的解释往往是基于经验而缺乏理论依据,导致很多现象难以解释。本文利用髙阶有限差分方法对远探测声反射波测井裂缝识别进行了正演模拟及叠前逆时偏移成像研究,首先在理论研究的基础上构建正演模型,重点研究不同裂缝离井壁距离、裂缝张开度和倾角的响应特征;其次在单因素变化基础上提取成像区域的能量强度,分析确定出在实际地层速度有波动变化时远探测声反射波测井方法能够识别裂缝的条件;最后通过对裂缝识别的影响因素定量化分析,确定裂缝识别的最大距离、最小张开度和最小倾角,降低了裂缝识别与评价中的多解性。研究成果对远探测声反射波测井仪器的发展、数据处理方法的改进,以及后续的测井解释工作都有一定的借鉴意义。

Fracture identification is important for the evaluation of carbonate reservoirs. However, conventional logging equipment has small depth of investigation and cannot detect rock fractures more than three meters away from the borehole. Remote acoustic logging uses phase-controlled array-transmitting and long sound probes that increase the depth of investigation. The interpretation of logging data with respect to fractures is typically guided by practical experience rather than theory and is often ambiguous. We use remote acoustic reflection logging data and high-order finite-difference approximations in the forward modeling and prestack reverse-time migration to image fractures. First, we perform forward modeling of the fracture responses as a function of the fracture-borehole wall distance, aperture, and dip angle. Second, we extract the energy intensity within the imaging area to determine whether the fracture can be identified as the formation velocity is varied. Finally, we evaluate the effect of the fracture-borehole distance, fracture aperture, and dip angle on fracture identification.