免耕栽培下施肥方法对烤烟产质量的影响

Effect of Different Fertilization Methods on Yield and Quality of Tobacco in No-tillage Cultivation

为选择适合烤烟免耕栽培的施肥方法,在免耕条件下进行不同施肥方法对烤烟产量和质量的影响研究。结果表明,免耕与不同施肥方法对烤烟生长发育没有明显影响。在烤烟生长后期,条施处理的碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别比穴施和条施+穴施处理高20.6、16.6、24.2 mg/kg和36.4、17.8、198.7 mg/kg,表明其有更好的持续土壤养分供应能力。条施处理产量和产值分别比穴施处理和条施+穴施处理提高了14.3%、14.7%和11.0%、13.9%,比常规对照提高了7.8%和14.1%,其均价和上等烟比例最高。不同免耕施肥方法的烟叶化学成分以条施处理最协调,评吸质量档次为免耕条施>免耕穴施>免耕条施+穴施,与其他施肥方法处理相比条施处理能改善烟叶化学成分的协调性和烟叶感官评吸质量。因此,基肥条施是免耕施肥方法较好的选择。

In order to select a better fertilization method for the no-tillage cultivation of tobacco, the effects of different fertilization methods on yield and quality of tobacco were studied under no-tillage cultivation. The results showed that, no-tillage cultivation and different fertilization methods had no significant effects on the growth of tobacco. At the late growth stage of tobacco, the contents of available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium of row fertilization was higher than that of hole fertilization and row fertilization ＋ hole fertilization by 20.6, 16.6, 24.2 mg/kg and 36.4, 17.8, 198.7 mg/kg, respectively, indicating that row fertilization had the better supply capacity of soil nutrient. The yield and output value of row fertilization were higher than that of the hole fertilization and row fertilization＋ hole fertilization by 14.3%, 14.7% and 11.0%, 13.9% respectively, and was higher than that of CK by 7.8% and 14.1%, its average price and high-class-leaf proportion were the highest in all methods. The chemical components of row fertilization were more harmonious in different fertilization methods, the level of quality of sensory evaluation decreased in an order as： row fertilization〉 hole fertilization〉 row fertilization＋ hole fertilization. The row fertilization method can improve the chemical components and the quality of sensory evaluation than other fertilization methods. So, row fertilization of base fertilizer is the best selection of fertilization methods for no-tillage cultivation.