扁桃树体生物量构成及微量元素累积特性研究

Analysis of Biomass Composition and Accumulative Properties of Microelements of Almond

为了给扁桃合理施用微量元素肥料提供科学依据,以9年生‘叶尔羌’扁桃品种为试材,采用彻底刨根、分解取样的方法,研究了生物量的构成特点、各器官微量元素含量和累积分配特性。结果表明,扁桃树总干质量为112.13 kg/株,其中当年新生营养器官占14.14%,果实占7.72%,老营养器官占78.14%;B、Zn、Fe、Mn、Cu的含量均表现为新生器官(叶片、新梢、种仁、青皮、硬壳、细根)高于老营养器官(多年生枝、主干、主根、粗根),但主要在老营养器官中分配累积;扁桃树B、Zn、Fe、Mn、Cu总累积量为B3115.56 mg/株、Zn 2167.36 mg/株、Fe 14242.71 mg/株、Mn 3039.86 mg/株、Cu 519.12 mg/株,每生产1000 kg干商品扁桃需吸收B 227.27 g、Zn 155.87 g、Fe 526.73 g、Mn 163.56 g、Cu 36.08 g。

The study aims to provide a scientific basis for the microelements fertilizer application to almond.With the way of thoroughly probing and decomposition sampling, field experiments were conducted to analyzethe character of biomass composition, microelements content and its accumulation properties in different partsof Yarkan almonds which were about 9 years old. The results showed that： the total dry biomass of almond was112.13 kg/plant in which new vegetative organs of the year accounted for 14.14%, fruits accounted for 7.72%and old vegetative organs accounted for 78.14%. The contents of B, Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu from new vegetativeorgans（leaf, treetop, kernel, shuck, crust, radicel） were more than that from old vegetative organs（limb, trunk,taproot, branch root）, but most of them were distributed and cumulated in the old vegetative organs. Theaccumulative amount of B, Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu of almond were 3115.56 mg/plant, 2167.36 mg/plant,14242.71 mg/plant, 3039.86 mg/plant and 519.12 mg/plant, respectively. To obtain 1000 kg dry matter offruits, almonds must absorb B： 227.27 g, Zn： 155.87 g, Fe： 526.73 g, Mn： 163.56 g, Cu： 36.08 g.