几种葡萄砧木的引种表现及抗寒性分析

Introduction Performance and Cold Resistance Analysis of Several Grape Rootstocks

旨在研究几种葡萄砧木的抗寒适应性。本试验以引进的1年生‘贝达’、‘山河1号’、‘SO4’、‘5BB’、‘抗砧3号’5种葡萄砧木为试材,进行植物学特性和生长特性调查,测定电导率、失水速率、萌芽率等指标,综合分析各砧木品种的抗寒适应性。结果表明,不同葡萄砧木叶片和新梢之间的形态特征表现不同;‘贝达’的新梢生长速率在各测定砧木中表现最高;‘抗砧3号’的移栽成活率和扦插成活率最低,分别为74%和79%,‘贝达’的移栽成活率和扦插生根率显著高于其他砧木,在新疆北疆地区具有较强的适应能力;综合评价各砧木抗寒性得出:‘贝达’>‘山河1号’>‘5BB’>‘抗砧3号’>‘SO4’。本研究结果为葡萄砧木利用及品种改良提供理论参考依据。

The aim was to study the cold adaptability of several grape rootstocks. In this study, five one-year-old grape rootstocks, such as‘Beida＇,‘No.1 Sunward＇,‘SO4＇,‘5BB＇, and‘No.3 resistant rootstock＇wereused as test materials. The botanical characteristics and growth characteristics were investigated, conductivity,water loss rate, germination rate and other indicators were determined, and the cold adaptabilities of variousrootstocks were analyzed. The results showed that the morphological characteristics of different grape rootstockleaves and shoots were various.‘Beida＇had the highest shoot growth rate. The cutting survival rate andtransplant survival rate of‘No.3 resistant rootstock＇were 74% and 79%, respectively, which were lower thanthat of the other rootstocks; the cutting survival rate and transplant survival rate of‘Beida＇were significantlyhigher than that of other stocks, and had strong adaptability in the northern region of Xinjiang. Thecomprehensive evaluation result of cold resistance was as follows：‘Beida＇‘No.1 Sunward＇‘5BB＇‘No.3resistant rootstock＇‘SO4＇. The result of this study provided a theoretical reference for variety improvementand the use of improved varieties of rootstock.