日光高温消毒方式对土壤根结线虫的防治效果

Control Effect of Solarization Mode on Soil Root-knot Nematode

为了探讨日光高温消毒对土壤温度和根结线虫2龄幼虫的影响,采用0.9 kg/m2麦皮＋覆膜、1.7 kg/m2鸡粪＋覆膜、4 kg/m2甘蓝＋2 kg/m2麦麸＋覆膜结合夏季阳光进行日光高温消毒。研究结果表明：棚温在15：00平均温度达到最高值47.5℃,而9：00最低为28.8℃。除10 cm土层在15：00温度达到高峰值外,其他15、20、30 cm土层均在18：00达到峰值。1.7 kg/m2鸡粪＋覆膜对各土层平均温度提高最高,达到3.6~5.3℃,平均提高了4.5℃。1.7 kg/m2鸡粪＋覆膜和4 kg/m2甘蓝＋2 kg/m2麦麸＋覆膜对0~30 cm土层根结线虫2龄幼虫的闷杀效果达到90%以上和87%以上,而对30 cm以上土层线虫的防效不明显。4 kg/m2甘蓝＋2 kg/m2麦麸＋覆膜和1.7 kg/m2鸡粪＋覆膜对后茬番茄根结线虫病的防治效果分别达到100%和92.3%。建议生产上利用4 kg/m2甘蓝＋2 kg/m2麦麸＋覆膜和1.7 kg/m2鸡粪＋覆膜结合夏季日光高温消毒来防治蔬菜根结线虫,具有操作简便、防治效果好等优点,适宜夏季在北方温室蔬菜推广应用。

In order to determine the effect of solarization mode on soil temperature and root-knot nematode2 nd instar larvae, the treatments of 0.9 kg/m2 barley husk ＋ film, 1.7 kg/m2 chicken manure ＋ film and 4 kg/m2 cabbage ＋ 2 kg/m2 wheat bran ＋ film were evaluated by summer solarization. The results showed that the greenhouse temperature reached the maximum value of 47.5℃ at 15：00, and the minimum value of 28.8℃ at 9：00.The temperature of 15, 20 and 30 cm soil layers reached the maximum at 18：00, while that of 10 cm was at 15：00.The increased value of average temperature was the highest under the treatment of 1.7 kg/m2 chicken manure ＋film, which reached 3.6 to 5.3℃, and the average was 4.5℃. The control effects of 1.7 kg/m2 chicken manure ＋film and 4 kg/m2 cabbage ＋ 2 kg/m2 wheat bran ＋ film for root-knot nematode 2nd instar larvae in 0 to 30 cmsoil layer were more than 90% and 87%, respectively, while no significant effect was found over 30 cm soillayer. The control effect of 1.7 kg/m2 chicken manure ＋ film and 4 kg/m2 cabbage ＋ 2 kg/m2 wheat bran ＋ film for tomato root-knot nematode disease were 100% and 92.3%. It was suggested that 4 kg/m2cabbage＋2 kg/m2 wheat bran ＋ film and 1.7 kg/m2 chicken manure ＋ film should be used in summer solarization to controlvegetable root-knot nematodes, which had the advantage of user-friendly control and high control efficiency,this method was suitable to the green house vegetable production in the north in summer.