鲁西平原的灰霾灾害特征及防御对策

Characteristics Analysis of Haze Disasters and Countermeasures in West Plain of Shandong

为了探索鲁西平原地区灰霾灾害的发生规律,采用GIS技术、气候倾向率等方法对聊城辖区内8个气象站近53年的灰霾灾害的变化特点和特征进行分析。结果表明:53年来灰霾灾害发生趋势呈波浪态势,1961—1981年呈增加趋势,1982—2010年逐年减少,2011—2013年又急剧增长,2013年灰霾日数最多,达157天;季节变化中以秋冬较多,夏季最少;月变化呈"V"型趋势,12月最多,1月次之,8月最少。辖区内冠县灰霾灾害出现最频繁,阳谷次之,莘县最少。加强政府部门间的合作,减少污染源,强化联防机制,优化城市规划,增加城市绿地以及大力发展生态农业建设等措施是防御灰霾的主要手段。

The paper aims to explore the occurrence of haze disaster in west plain of Shandong, the authorsanalyzed the changes and characteristics of haze disasters in Liaocheng in nearly 53 years, explored theoccurrence of haze disaster in west plain of Shandong. The results showed that： haze disasters had wave trend,increased from 1961 to 1981, decreased from 1982 to 2010, rapidly grew in the past 3 years, the maximumnumber of hazard days were 157 in 2013; the seasonal variation was the most in autumn and winter, while theleast in summer; monthly variation characteristics had a‘V’-shaped trend, the number of variation was themost in December, followed by that in January, and the least in August. Haze disaster occurred most frequentlyin Guanxian, followed by that in Yanggu, and occurred least in Shenxian. Strengthening cooperation ofgovernment departments, reducing contamination, enhancing defense mechanism, optimizing urban plan,increasing urban green space, and developing ecological agriculture were approaches to defense haze.