内蒙古地区不同品种马铃薯适水种植研究

Planting of Different Potato Cultivars Adapted to Water Availability in Inner Mongolia

根据内蒙古地区46个气象站点1965—2014年逐日降水和平均气温资料,利用GIS软件进行空间插值做出了马铃薯发芽期、块茎形成期、块茎膨大期的旬平均温度和降雨量空间分布图,根据国内外对几种主要马铃薯品种耗水规律的研究,选择出内蒙古各地区适宜种植的马铃薯品种。结果表明：在降雨量为400~450 mm的内蒙古东北部部分地区,适宜种植菜用品种‘克新1号’、淀粉加工品种‘陇薯3号’和油炸薯条品种‘布尔班克’;在降雨量为300~400 mm的东部大部分地区,最适宜种植菜用型品种‘费乌瑞它’和‘克新1号’,其次适合油炸品种‘夏波蒂’、‘布尔班克’和‘大西洋’;而在降雨量为200~300 mm的中部地区,适宜‘费乌瑞它’、‘夏波蒂’、‘布尔班克’的种植,但不会达到最优产量;而在降雨量偏少的中西部地区,若存在灌溉条件,可通过覆膜等措施种植‘费乌瑞它’、‘夏波蒂’、‘布尔班克’;而在降雨量为100 mm以下的西部地区,由于块茎形成期的温度超过块茎生长的最适温度,该地区并不适宜马铃薯的种植。该研究结果可为内蒙古地区马铃薯种植提供参考意见。

Based on the daily precipitation and average temperature data of 46 weather stations in InnerMongolia from 1965 to 2014, the average temperature of 10-days and the spatial distribution maps ofgermination period, tuber formative period and tuber expand period of potato were drew, the suitable potatocultivars were selected in different areas in Inner Mongolia according to the water consumption rule of somemain potato cultivars. The results showed that the suitable vegetable cultivar was‘Kexin No.1’, starch processcultivar was‘Longshu No.3’and fried potato cultivar was‘Burbank’in northeast Inner Mongolia with theprecipitation of 400-500 mm. In most part of eastern Inner Mongolia with the precipitation of 300-400 mm,the suitable vegetable cultivars were‘Favorita’and‘Kexin No.1’, fried potato cultivars were‘Shepody’,‘Burbank’and‘Atlantic’.‘Favorita’,‘Shepody’and‘Burbank’were suitable in central Inner Mongoliawith the precipitation of 200-300 mm.‘Favorita’,‘Shepody’and‘Burbank’were suitable under irrigationand filming in the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia with lower precipitation. Because of thedeficient precipitation and high temperature, the western region of Inner Mongolia was unsuitable for potatoplanting. The research results could provide reference for potato planting in Inner Mongolia.