摘要
灾难信息管理旨在利用信息技术有效地应对和避免自然灾害等紧急事件给社会和民众带来的财产损失和生命威胁。在大数据环境下(数据量大,形式复杂,实时性强),灾难信息系统的发展在国际社会尤其是欧美发达国家得到了极大的重视和推动,但国内目前在相关领域的研究相对较少。首先从数据角度分析灾难信息管理中海量复杂数据的特殊性以及这些数据在处理过程中的难点;接着从灾难管理中信息交流的需求和大数据的作用入手,系统总结了灾难信息管理的关键要素。针对数据及信息交流存在的问题,提出基于大数据技术的灾难信息管理系统,并通过具体的实例进行了详细的分析。最后,讨论了大数据时代的灾难信息管理的潜在研究方向和思路。
Disaster information management is used for the process of using information technology to minimize the social and physical impact of disasters and reduce community vulnerability to the consequences of disasters. Firstly,the information exchange and sharing needs in disaster management are discussed to identify the data characteristics as well as the related challenges in data processing and analysis. Then,the key elements in data-driven disaster information management are summarized. To address the existing challenges,the general system architecture for data-driven disaster information management systems is presented by leveraging big data technologies. Case studies are analyzed to highlight the key system components in achieving better information delivery and sharing. Finally,research directions are pointed out.
出处
《南京邮电大学学报（自然科学版）》
北大核心
2015年第6期68-76,共9页
Journal of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications：Natural Science Edition
关键词
大数据
灾难信息管理
数据挖掘
信息挖掘
big data
disaster information management
data mining
information discovery
