湖北省某幼儿园麻疹暴发疫情调查

Investigation of a case of measles outbreak in a kindergarten in Hubei Province

目的调查疫情发生原因,为防控工作提出针对性建议。方法采用描述流行病学方法调查发病情况,分析传播链。查验接种本、访谈调查疫苗接种率。结果疫情共有三代19例病例,发病高峰在4月4日。68.42%病例在幼儿园和学校内,31.58%病例为社区居民。波及人群含麻疹成分疫苗(Measles Containing Vaccine,MCV)首针接种率为93.98%(78/83),MCV第二针接种率为45.78%(38/83)。接种率低的原因主要是监护人对接种疫苗防病的意识差、该镇免疫规划基础管理存在问题、常规免疫存在漏洞等。结论当地适龄幼儿MCV接种率低、病例未及时隔离治疗是疫情发生的原因,建议当地统筹安排、多部门联合开展免疫规划工作,提高接种率。教育部门加强对学校传染病防控的管理。

Objective To investigate the cause of the outbreak,and put forward some suggestions for the prevention and control of measles. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was applied,case transmission chain,questionnaire,vaccination rates,verification of vaccination records were analyzed. Results There were three generations with 19 cases in the outbreak,the peak was on April the 4th. 68. 42% cases were in kindergarten and school,31. 58% cases were community residents. The MCV1 vaccination rate was93. 98%（ 78 /83）,and MCV2 was 45. 78%（ 38 /83）. The reasons of low vaccination rate were that the inspectors had rather poor awareness for the prevention and control of children vaccination,problems existed in the basic management of the town＇ s immunization program,and weak points in the routine immunization,and so on. Conclusions The main causes of the outbreak were： the MCV vaccination rate was low,the cases were not isolated in time,It is recommended that the local co-ordination should be enhanced,multisectional joint development of immunization program should be promoted,the vaccination rates should be promoted. Management of the education department should strengthen the management for the prevention and control of infectious diseases in schools and kindergartens.