孕妇毒死蜱暴露水平评估及影响因素分析

Exposure assessment and influencing factors of chlorpyrifos among pregnant women living in a county of Jiangsu province

目的 研究孕妇尿中毒死蜱（chlorpyrifos,CPF）暴露水平及其影响因素,为评估宫内CPF暴露对儿童健康影响提供科学依据。方法 于2009年6月—2010年1月选取江苏省某县1 100名孕妇为研究对象,采集孕妇尿样并完成调查问卷,以气相色谱-串联质谱法（GC-MS/MS）检测尿中CPF代谢物3,5,6-三氯-2-吡啶醇（3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol,TCPy）浓度,估算孕妇CPF的每日摄入量（absorbed daily dose,ADD）并分析其影响因素。结果 孕妇尿中TCPy检出率为100%,TCPy肌酐校正浓度范围为0.14-135.44μg/g Cr,中位值为6.96μg/g Cr,高于国外研究报道水平;估算的ADD中位值为0.31μg/（kg·d）,低于农药残留联席会议（Joint Meeting of Pesticide Residues,JMPR）制定的每日允许摄入量[0.01 mg/（kg·d）],但有51.4%的孕妇ADD值超过了美国环保局（Environmental Protection Agency,EPA）制定的慢性参考剂量[chronic reference doses,0.3μg/（kg·d）]。统计分析显示孕妇体内CPF负荷水平与工作类型、家庭收入、居住地类型和季节等因素有关。结论 该地区孕妇普遍暴露于CPF农药,半数以上孕妇ADD水平高于EPA制定的慢性参考剂量,提示母婴有农药暴露的潜在健康风险。孕妇工作类型、家庭收入、居住地环境和季节是影响孕妇CPF暴露水平的主要因素。

Objective To evaluate the exposure levels of chlorpyrifos （CPF）, calculate absorbed daily dose （ADD） of CPF and analyze the influencing factors among pregnant women. Methods Questionnaires and spot urine samples were collected from 1 100 pregnant women living in a county of Jiangsu province. CPF exposure assessment in participants was based on questionnaire survey and measurement of urinary concentrations of 3, 5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridinol （TCPy, a specific metabolite of CPF and chlorpyrifos-methyl） in urine samples using GC-MS/MS method. Additionally, the absorbed daily dose （ADD） of CPF among pregnant women was evaluated and the influencing factors were identified. Results TCPy concentrations were detectable in all urine samples, the creatinine-adjusted TCPy levels ranged from 0.14 to 135.44 μg/g Cr, and the median was 6.96 μg/g Cr, which was higher than the reported levels from other studies. The calculated median ADD of CPF was 0.31 μg/（kg·d）, lower than the allowable daily intake [0.01 mg/（kg.d）] established by Joint Meeting of pesticide Residues （JMPR）, and 51.4% of these subjects exceeded the chronic RfDs [0.3 μg/（kg.d）] set by EPA. Statistical analysis indicated that the body burden of pregnant women from chlorpyrifos were associated with work type, family annual income, habitation environment and sampling season. Conclusion Pregnant women in the investigated area were widely exposed to CPF pesticide with a high estimated ADD value, these participants and their fetuses are facing the potential health risk from chlorpyrifos exposure.