兰州市西固区大气污染对小学生肺通气功能的影响

Effects of air pollution on pulmonary ventilation function of pupils in Xigu district of Lanzhou

目的 了解兰州市西固区大气污染对小学生肺通气功能的影响。方法 于2013年9—11月,采用随机整群抽样的方法抽取兰州市西固区和榆中县的1 499名3-6年级小学生（西固区672名,榆中县827名）为研究对象,进行肺功能测定和问卷调查。结果 2013年西固区大气SO_2、NO_2、CO、PM2.5、PM10日均浓度高于榆中县,西固区大气PM2.5、PM10超标率高于榆中县,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。与榆中县相比,西固区小学生FFEVl%、FEV1/FVC%的均值分别降低4.64%和9.97%,肺功能异常及阻塞性肺通气功能障碍发生的OR值分别为1.528和2.713,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析调整混杂因素后,西固区小学生肺功能异常及阻塞性肺通气功能障碍发生的危险性是榆中县的1.704、3.392倍（P〈0.05）。结论 西固区小学生肺功能下降,主要表现为阻塞性肺通气功能障碍,可能与该地区较严重的大气污染有关。

Objective To explore the effects of air pollution on pulmonary ventilation function of pupils in Xigu district, Lanzhou. Methods Xigu district and Yuzhong county of Lanzhou city were selected as the air pollution area and control region, respectively, and 1 499 pupils （672 pupils from Xigu,827 pupils from Yuzhong） were chosen by random cluster sampling. These children were given lung function test and questionnaires from September to November in 2013. Results The daily average concentrations of SO2, NO2, CO, PM2.5, PM10 and the ratio of exceeding standard of PM2.5 and PM10 were all higher in Xigu than those of Yuzhong （P〈0.05）. The values of FEV1% and FEV1/FVC% were decreased by 4,64% and 9.97% among children of Xigu compared with those in Yuzhong respectively （P〈0.05）; While increased risk for abnormal lung function and obstructive type lung functions impairment were found in Xigu, and the values of ORs were 1.528 and 2.713 respectively （P〈0.05）. The results of multiple-factor logistic regression analyses displayed the valves of the above two ORs were 1.704 and 3.392 respectively （P〈0.05）. Conclusion There may be a relation between the descending lung function and air pollution in Xigu district, which displayed mainly obstructive pulmonary ventilation impairment.