动物药僵蚕高温麸炒的科学合理性

Scientific connotation of processing Bombyx Batryticatus under high temperature

该研究旨在通过比较僵蚕麸炒前后总蛋白含量的差异及炒制后黄曲霉素限量的变化,探究动物药僵蚕高温炮制的科学合理性。采用考马斯亮蓝法测定水溶性蛋白质含量;SDS-PAGE法比较僵蚕生品及麸炒僵蚕的蛋白质差异性;柱前衍生-高效液相色谱法对样品中黄曲霉毒素B1,B2,G1,G2进行限量检查。结果显示生僵蚕的水溶性蛋白质质量分数为(47.065±0.249)mg·g^(-1),麸炒僵蚕的水溶性蛋白质质量分数为(29.756±1.961)mg·g^(-1);生僵蚕的蛋白质电泳条带和麸炒僵蚕的电泳条带皆约为6条。在31.90,26.80,18.71,15.00 k Da左右分别有一个蛋白片段,生品丰度大于麸炒品;而在10.18,8.929k Da处条带麸炒品明显深于生品,即麸炒品蛋白丰度大于生品,推测可能是部分蛋白质降解为小分子多肽所致。生品中黄曲霉毒素G1,B1,G2,B2的质量分数分别为0.382,0.207,0.223,0.073μg·kg^(-1),而麸炒僵蚕中未检出。以上结果表明动物药僵蚕经过高温麸炒,蛋白质含量下降。这与炮制缓和药性的目的相吻合,而且僵蚕在麸炒过程中,通过炮制辅料的作用,毒性成分黄曲霉毒素完全被吸附,未检出毒性成分,增加了药材的安全性。麸炒僵蚕作为一种传统的炮制方法,具有科学合理性。

The aim of this study was to elucidate the scientific connotation of Bombyx Batryticatus processing with wheat bran under high temperature. The contents of soluble protein extracted from Bombyx Batryticatus and its processed products and the limited content of AFT in Bombyx Batryticatus and the processed one were compared. The concentration of protein was measured with the Bradford methods and the difference of protein between Bombyx Batryticatus and its processed products was compared by SDS-PAGE analysis.Aflatoxin B_1,B_2,G_1 and G_2were determined by reversed-phase HPLC. The results showed that the soluble protein content of Bombyx Batryticatus and its processed products were（ 47. 065 ± 0. 249）,（ 29. 756 ± 1. 961） mg· g^（-1）,correspondingly. Analysis of protein gel electrophoresis showed that there were no significant differences between the crude and processed one in protein varieties. 6 bands were detected： 31. 90,26. 80,18. 71,15. 00,10. 18,8. 929 k Da. Below 10 k Da,the color of bands of the processed one was deeper than the crude one,which demonstrate that macromolecular protein was degradated into micromolecule. The content of AFG_1,AFB_1,AFG_2,AFB_2 were 0. 382,0. 207,0. 223,0. 073 μg · kg^（-1）,not exceeded 5 μg·kg^（-1） while the processed one was not detected.Through processing with wheat bran under high temperature,the content of soluble protein in Bombyx Batryticatus decreased,the processing purpose for alleviating drug property was achieved. Meanwhile,the limited content of aflatoxins were reduced or cleared by processing procedure or absorbed by processing auxillary material,adding the safety of the traditional Chinese Medicine. In conclusion,as a traditional processing method,bran frying Bombyx Batryticatus was scientific and reasonable.