长春市公共服务设施用地演变格局与机制

The evolution pattern and mechanism of public service facilities lands in Changchun

公共服务设施用地是城市功能用地的主要组成部分,公共服务设施用地的集聚与扩散可以更直接地揭示城市空间结构与城市中心地的演变特征。本文以长春市中心城区为研究范围,利用城市用地现状图、地形图等数据资源,借助GIS软件,采用核密度、斑块聚合度指数等方法,分析了长春市2003-2013年公共服务设施用地演变特征与机制。研究发现:公共服务设施用地规模增速低于城市建成区的增速;公共服务设施用地演变特征的圈层差异明显;公共服务设施用地空间结构从"单一化核心+多次级中心"到"多样化核心+多次级中心",空间格局从"大分散、小集中"到"大集中、小分散";城市不同公共服务设施用地类型表现出不同的演变特征;城市公共服务设施用地演变机制为城市功能空间的整体提升、城市功能空间的互动耦合、土地利用的市场竞争、交通设施与网络的完善、城市规划的引导与调控、城市大事件的快速推动。

Public service facilities land is the main part of urban land system. The agglomeration and diffusion of it can reveal the evolution of urban spatial structure and urban center features in a more direct way. This paper focuses on the central city of Changchun.Using GIS software and topographic data and urban land use maps from 2003 to 2013, we calculate the kernel density, as well as patch density and cohesion indexes, and explore the temporal- spatial features and mechanisms of the evolution of public service spaces. The main results obtained in this paper can be summarized as follows. First, the growth rate of the public service land is lower than that of the built- up area. And the ratio of the public service land to the built-up area is slightly lower than it was before. Second, the evolution of the public service land in each circle area clearly shows spatial differences. Third, the pattern of the public service land changes significantly. The space interaction shifted from the diffusion force to cohesive force. The spatial structure turned from the simplification core area plus multi-sub-centers area to the diversification core area plus multi- sub- centers area. The spatial pattern changed from the large range dispersion plus small scale concentration to the large scale concentration plus small range dispersion. Fourth, different types of public service facilities land show different evolution characters. Fifth, the evolution of the public service spaces is forced by the overall improvement of urban functional spaces, coupling action of the main functional spaces,competition in the urban land market, upgrade of the transportation network, regulation of the urban plan, and promotion of urban great events.