矩阵大小对自闭症儿童表情视觉搜索影响的眼动研究

On the Eye Movement Involving the Effect of Matrix Sizes on the Visual Expression Search in Children with Autism

以心理发展水平相匹配的自闭症儿童和普通儿童各28名为被试,采用同一识别身份的表情图片群为刺激材料,通过可视化的眼动系统采集实验数据,探讨矩阵大小对自闭症儿童表情视觉搜索的影响。结果发现:自闭症儿童对目标表情的注视时间、注视次数及正确反应时均显著低于普通儿童;自闭症儿童和普通儿童对目标表情的首进入时间和正确反应时随着表情群矩阵的扩大而逐渐延长,而注视时间和注视次数却逐渐降低;自闭症儿童和普通儿童对高兴目标表情的注视次数显著大于对愤怒表情的注视次数。研究者认为:自闭症儿童的表情视觉搜索受到矩阵大小的显著影响,采用平行加工与序列加工的综合策略模式,而其生理年龄的增长在表情视觉搜索中表现出的相对优势,说明自闭症儿童威胁知觉的可干预性,这为该领域临床康复提供了直接证据。

This study, by asking 28 children with autism and 25 normal children to watch group pictures of expressions based on the use of visualized Eye Tracker techniques in the collection of eye movement data, aims to probe into the effect of matrix sizes on the visual expression search in children with autism. The results show the following： The children with autism spent a significantly shorter time on total fixation duration （TFD） and correct reaction and showed less fixation counts （FC） in the target area than the normal children; with the enlargement of the matrix, both the children with autism and the normal children spent a significantly longer time on the first fix- ation （FF） and correct reaction, but spent a gradually shorter time on TED and showed less FC in the target area; and the children with autism and the normal children showed significantly more FC in happy expressions than in angry expressions in the target area. The study concludes the following： the matrix size has a significant effect on the visual expression search in children with autism, which implies that children with autism use the strategies of both parallel processing and serial processing; their physiological age brings about their relative advantages on vi- stud expression search, which indicates that their emotional awareness or the perception of threat can be realized through education, and this provides direct evidence for clinical rehabihtation.