羊草基因型多样性能增强种群对干扰的响应

Leymus chinensis genotypic diversity increases the response of populations to disturbance

研究了不同基因型多样性(1、3、6三种基因型组合)羊草种群的地上生物量、地下生物量、分蘖数、根茎芽数和根冠比5个指标对干扰强度(用不同留茬高度来模拟)的响应。结果表明:(1)基因型多样性和干扰强度对地上生物量、地下生物量、分蘖数和根茎芽数均有显著影响(P<0.05),但两者的交互作用不显著(P>0.05)。其中,多基因型组合(3、6基因型组合)羊草种群中这4个响应变量的值均显著高于单基因型羊草种群(P<0.05);而干扰强度的增加显著降低了这4个响应变量的值(P<0.05)。对于根冠比这一响应变量来说,仅干扰强度对其产生了显著地影响(P<0.05)。(2)29个基因型多样性效应值中,有25个值大于0,其中12个表现为显著的基因型多样性正效应。依Loreau和Hector的方法将多样性净效应分解后发现,互补效应和选择效应共同主导12个响应指标的基因型多样性效应,而互补效应独自主导3个、选择效应独自主导5个响应指标的基因多样性效应;但对基因型多样性正效应起主要贡献的是互补效应。所得结果表明,基因型多样性能提高羊草种群的表现,能增强羊草种群对干扰的响应,不同基因型间的互补作用对这种正效应起主要贡献,这将为该物种种质资源保护和合理利用提供理论指导。

The current rapid loss of biodiversity from the ecosystem to the species level at global regional and local scales is considered to be one of the major threats to the continued good functioning of ecosystems and the biosphere at large. Recent research has demonstrated that genotypic diversity within species also has important ecological impacts. Especially for dominant and constructive species, genotypic diversity within species may enhance plant population productivity and resistance to disturbance, reduce susceptibility to alien plant invasions, and affect associated arthropod community composition and diversity through several of mechanisms. The underlying mechanisms by which genotypic diversity within species may alter ecosystem processes are analogous to those proposed for species diversity. For both species diversity and genotypic diversity within species, the effects of diversity may be partitioned into ＂ selection＂ and ＂complementarity＂ effects, where selection effect occurs if the community includes a genotype with a specific trait that becomes dominant over time. Complementarity effects occur when function increases or decreases as a result of interactions among conspecifics. Selection effects result in higher or lower functioning than expected, based on the average performance of the genotypes in monoculture, which is called non-transgressive over-yielding. Complementarity effects result in a diverse assemblage that performs better than its best performing member, which is called transgressive over-yielding. In northern China, typical steppe is one of the main steppe types. Leymus chinensis is the dominant and constructive species of the typical steppe, playing an important role in the community. Due to climate change and frequent human activities, the typical steppe has seriously degraded over half a century, but we found that L. chinensis in degraded steppe still plays an important role in maintaining the structure and functioning of typical steppe. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate how the genotypic diversity of L. chinensis affects the structure and functioning of an ecosystem. In this study, we examined the effects of L. chinensis genotypic diversity on the performance of the above- and below-ground biomass, number of tillers, number of rhizome buds, and root to shoot ratio in response to disturbance over four months. （ 1 ） The genotypic diversity and the intensity of disturbance had significant effects （P 〈 0.05） on the above- and below-ground biomass, number of tillers, and number of rhizome buds, but their interactions had no significant effects on these variables （P 〉 0.05）. The values of these 4 response variables in polyculture （3, 6 genotypes） were significantly higher than those in monocuhure （P 〈 0.05） , and these response values decreased with increasing of disturbance. The intensity of disturbance had a significant effect （P 〈 0.05） on the performance of the root to shoot ratio, which was higher for the most serious disturbance condition （H5） compared to the other conditions. （2） The net diversity effects were positive for 25 out of 29 variables, and were significantly hi results showed gher than 0 for 12 variables. After that genotypic diversity effects were partitioning the net diversity effect by the Loreau ＆ Hector method, the driven by both the complementarity and selection effects for 12 variables, by the complementarity effect for 3 variables, and by the selection effect for 5 variables; however, the complementarity effect contributed more to the positive diversity effect. These results indicated that genotypic diversity may improve the performance of L. chinensis by the complementarity effect, even under disturbance conditions, with this information being expected to contribute to the conservation and utilization of germplasm resources of this species.