城市有机垃圾厌氧干发酵菌群与代谢产物特性研究

Characteristics of Microbial Community and Metabolites in Municipal Organic Waste Dry Anaerobic Fermentation

文章以城市有机垃圾为原料,采用一次投料批式中温(37℃)厌氧发酵工艺,分析了厌氧干发酵过程中主要菌群,包括厌氧产酸菌、厌氧氨化菌、产甲烷菌和厌氧纤维素降解菌的数量变化及代谢产物的特性。结果表明:厌氧菌中产酸菌和氨化菌最先增殖,产酸菌先于氨化菌达到最大值并占据优势地位。产甲烷菌在启动阶段初期基本没有增殖,第25 d左右达到最大值3.25×10~9个·m L^(-1),随后产甲烷菌在整个盛产期数量维持在这一数量级上。厌氧纤维素降解菌菌数呈现缓慢增长的趋势,直到投料的第45 d才增加到10~6个·m L^(-1)。了解发酵过程中菌群间的作用及代谢产物的特性,协调各微生物的稳定生长,是保证沼气发酵正常运行的必要条件,本试验为城市有机垃圾的无害化处理和资源化利用奠定基础。

Taking the municipal organic waste as raw material,adopting batch mesothermal anaerobic digester,the quantity changes of main microbial community,mainly including anaerobic acid-forming bacteria,anaerobic ammonification bacteria,anaerobic cellulose-degradation bacteria,and methane-production bacteria,were investigated,and the characteristics of their metabolites were analyzed. The results showed that the acid-forming bacteria and ammonification bacteria proliferated the first,and the acidification bacteria were prior to reach the maximum than the ammonification bacteria and so occupied the dominant position. The methane bacteria didn＇t proliferate at the startup stage,and reached the peak value of 3. 25 ×10^9·m L-1 on the 25 th day,and then kept stable. The anaerobic cellulose-degradation bacteria grew slowly,the number was only 106·m L-1 on the 45 th day.