广州市与世界级城市交通模式辨析

Differences in Urban Transportation Modes between Guangzhou and World-class Metropolises

中国城市常借鉴国外发展经验来制定城市交通战略,但缺乏对国内外城市交通特征的准确辨析。城市交通特征应反映主动出行者与被动出行者的区别。首先比较广州市与世界级城市的出行方式构成和出行特点,指出广州市的公共交通出行者大多为无驾驶执照或未购置小汽车的人群。针对公共交通出行分担率单一指标的弊端,引入公共交通出行指数与机动化水平来表征城市公共交通发展程度。评价广州市及世界级城市公共交通发展水平,并据此划分9类交通模式。结果显示,广州市公共交通服务水平和机动化水平均处于初级阶段。最后,分析广州市交通模式升级转型的最佳路线及实施策略,指出公共交通出行分担率与机动化水平的矛盾与协调是制定交通发展战略时需要考虑的关键所在。

Chinese cities often refer to international experiences when proposing their own transportation development strategies, however, the insufficient investigations in differences of traffic characteristics between international regions and Chinese cities has resulted in unexpected outcomes. The urban traffic characteristics are able to reflect differences between active travelers and passive travelers. By realizing such a basic concept, this paper first compares the traffic characteristics between Guangzhou and other worldclass metropolises, and accordingly conclude that most of transit users in Guangzhou are excluded from private vehicles due to the absence of driver＇s licenses or cars. Secondly, this paper introduces the public transportation travelling index and motorization level to represent the development level of public transportation system. Based on proposed methodology, nine types of traffic development modes are summarized,in the meanwhile, the public transportation development levels of Guangzhou and some other selected world-class metropolises are further assessed. The results reveal that the public transportation service level and motorization development level of Guangzhou are at the elementary level. Finally, this paper discusses the possible best strategy for Guangzhou to upgrade and transform its transportation mode. Subsequently, it suggests that balancing trade- off between the public transportation development and the motorization development is a critical factor when developing transportation strategies.