中国南北方老年人健康状况调查与分析--以广东省珠海市和吉林省长春、四平两市为例

Comparative Analysis of Health Status with Elderly People between South and North China——A Case Control Study of Zhuhai,Changchun and Siping

为探究中国南北方不同地域老年人健康状况及相关影响因素,本研究采取分层抽样和整群抽样相结合的方法,抽取吉林省长春、四平两市(北方)和广东省珠海市(南方)60岁及以上老年人作为调查对象。其中,长春、四平两地共计调查1 945人,珠海市调查1 109人。结果显示,中国南北方老年人在生活习惯、居家爱好、患病情况、医疗服务需求等多方面存在差异性;南方自报患病率居前五位的依次为高血压(35.3%)、骨关节病(29.7%)、眼病(16.9%)、心脏病(11.0%)和糖尿病(10.0%);北方自报患病率居前五位的依次为心脏病(29.7%)、高血压(26.5%)、骨关节病(19.5%)、脑血管病(14.9%)和糖尿病(11.6%);老年人自报患病低于实际患病情况。此外,本研究还针对老年人身体状况自我评价和生活满意度评价等方面进行探讨,为我国全面推进健康老龄化提供理论基础及对策建议。

To explore the health status of elderly population in different regions of South and North Chinaand related influencing factors,stratified sampling method and random cluster sample were applied in thisstudy. Subjects were sampled in the population aged sixty or over from three different districts,respectively,Zhuhai city in Guangdong province,Changchun and Siping city in Jilin province. The survey investigated atotal amount of 1945 elderly people in Changchun and Siping city and 1106 elderly people in Zhuhai city. Ithas shown that there are many differences among the elderly people in the south and north China such ashabits and customs,home preferences,disease prevalence,and medical service needs. The top five chronicdiseases self-reported among the elderly in south China were hypertension（35.3%）,osteoarthropathy（29.7%）,eye disease（16.9%）,heart disease（11%）and diabetes mellitus（10%）. But the ranking ofself-reported prevalence in north China were heart disease（29.7%）,hypertension（26.5%）,osteoarthropa-thy（19.5%）,cerebrovascular disease（14.9%） and diabetes mellitus（11.6%）. However,the elderlyself-reported prevalence is lower than it is in reality. What＇s more,this study also carried out a preliminaryinvestigation on the self evaluation of physical condition and life satisfaction evaluation for the aged,whichprovides theoretical basis and suggestion for the comprehensive healthy aging in our country.