“西方主义”为什么源自西方——对伊恩·伯鲁马《西方主义:敌人眼中的西方》核心理念的解读

Why Is Occidentalism Rooted in the West? A Study of a Major Proposition in Occidentalism:The West in the Eyes of Its Enemies by Ian Buruma and Avishai Margalit

西方主义既源自西方,也来自东方。西方主义者眼中的西方社会犯有四重罪:西方现代城市化、西方商业化、西方工具理性和唯科学主义、西方开放社会无宗教信仰与性道德混乱。从上述四个方面分析西方的人文知识分子对西方社会的批判,辨析根植西方的西方主义者如何被伯鲁马视为"敌视"自己的国家,厘清源自西方的西方主义者与反西方主义者的双方辩驳,为误读西方主义这一当代社会思潮的中国读者提供看待东西方社会的不同视角,有益于国人在传统向现代性转型期和中西方文化交流中摒弃非黑即白的僵化思维模式。

This paper analyzes why and how Occidentalism is rooted in the West regarding the fou'rcrimes'that the West is accused of-corrupted urban life, commercial materialism, instrumental scientism, and loss of religious faith causing sexual immorality. It focuses on how Western intellectuals criticize their own society and why they are classified a'sOccidentalists in the West'and interprets multi-dimensional debates on this complex political and cultural thought from the opposite perspectives of both anti-Western Occidentalists and anti-Occidentalist Westerners. The study of Occidentalism provides fresh perspectives to the Chinese in their transition from tradition to modernity and to the intercultural communication between the West and the East.