中、美大坝防洪和抗震安全设计理念比较研究

Study on Safety Design Concept of Dams against Flood and Seismicity Between China and USA

根据中、美大坝现行防洪标准和抗震标准体系,对比研究了两国大坝防洪和抗震安全设计理念,认为中、美两国对大坝防洪安全和抗震安全的要求客观地反映了两国综合国力的差异,大坝防洪和抗震安全设计各有特点,自成体系,均能满足各自国家大坝安全设计和评估的需求。通过比较研究,有助于深入理解大坝安全设计理念的内涵。文章给出了大坝设计基准期内的防洪安全度、抗震安全度及防洪和抗震综合安全度的计算公式,有助于理解大坝防洪和抗震设计的风险意义。

In accordance with the systems of currently-applied flood control standard and aseismic standard of dams between China and USA, the safety design concept of dams against flood and seismicity between two countries are compared and studied. Requirements from both coun- tries on dams against flood and seismieity are considered objectively reflecting the difference of the general strengths of the two countries. The safety design of the darns against flood and seismicity of the two countries features individually and forms systematically. Both can satisfy re- quirements on the safety design and assessment of the dams of the two countries. Through comparison and study, it facilities to deeply learn contents of the safety design concept of the dams. In this paper, the formulas for calculation of safety degree of flood control, safety degree of aseismicity and the general safety degree of aseismicity in the design reference period are provided for learning the risks of the design of dams against flood and seismicity.