支气管哮喘流行病学观察以及危险因素分析

Epidemiological observation and risk factors analysis of bronchial asthma

目的探讨渭南地区支气管哮喘的流行病学特征,并分析发病危险因素,为支气管哮喘的防治提供依据。方法采取分层整群不等比随机抽样对照法以及入户问卷填写方式进行抽样调查分析。结果本次调查共收集有效问卷5 894份,发现支气管哮喘患者400例,总发病率6.79%。发病高峰年龄段为0-15岁和55-64岁,发病率分别为13.05%和10.56%;55-64岁、>64岁两个年龄段男性支气管哮喘的发病率(分别为8.51%和4.31%)显著低于女性(分别为13.07%和9.06%),其他各年龄段男女支气管哮喘的发病率差异不显著。畜牧养殖业哮喘发病率最高,为11.17%;化工业次之,为10.13%。哮喘发病高峰为每年的6月(15.00%)和9月(13.25%)。相关因素分析表明,家族史、接触过敏源、吸烟、患其他过敏性疾病等均是支气管哮喘的主要相关因素;Logistic回归分析表明,哮喘家族史和患其他过敏性疾病是哮喘发作的独立危险因素。结论渭南地区女性人群支气管哮喘发病率明显高于男性,多种因素与支气管哮喘的发作密切相关,哮喘家族史和患其他过敏性疾病是其独立危险因素。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and analyze the risk factors of bronchial asthma in Weinan area,and to provide evidences for the prevention and treatment. Methods The stratified cluster disproportional random sampling survey and home questionnaire were performed. Results A total of 5 894 valid questionnaires were collected. Four hundred bronchial asthma patients were found,and the overall prevalence rate of bronchial asthma was 6. 79%. The highest prevalence rate was 13. 05%for 0- 15 years old population and 10. 56% for 55- 64 years old population. The prevalence rates in male populations of 55- 64 years old and 〉 64 years old were significantly lower than those in female. The prevalence rate in other age groups was not significantly different. The prevalence rate of population with animal husbandry and chemical industry was the highest,11.17% and 10. 13%. The prevalence rate of asthma peaked in June（ 15. 00%） and September（ 13. 25%）. Family history,allergen exposure,smoking,other allergic diseases were the main risk factors of bronchial asthma. Logistic regression analysis showed family history and other allergic diseases were the independent risk factors of asthma attacks. Conclusion The prevalence rate of bronchial asthma in female population in Weinan area is significantly higher than that in male. Many factors are closely related to the onset of bronchial asthma,and family history of asthma and other allergic diseases are the independent risk factors.