苹果蠹蛾的综合防控和遗传控制研究进展

The status of the integrated pest management of the codling moth,Cydia pomonella(L.) in China,and the prospects for the application of genetically modified insects

苹果蠹蛾是仁果类水果的重要检疫害虫,在世界各地造成了巨大的经济损失。目前对其化学防治、化学生态调控、病毒等防治方法研究较多,但仍不能满足防控该害虫的需要,对新型防控技术的需求日益增强。不育昆虫释放技术(SIT)是一种可控制甚至根除靶标害虫的环境友好型防控技术,但传统SIT技术存在一定的局限性,如较难区分性别与筛选雌雄虫、辐射不育昆虫的交配竞争力和适合度降低等问题,这些缺陷随着昆虫遗传修饰技术的发展将得以解决,并将在害虫防控进程中起到积极作用。本文综述了苹果蠹蛾主要防控技术研究现状,介绍了通过遗传修饰技术改善SIT的技术策略,并综合分析了我国开展苹果蠹蛾遗传修饰研究情况和将其应用在苹果蠹蛾防控体系中的可行性及优势。

The codling moth,Cydia pomonella（ L.）（ Lepidoptera： Tortricidae）,is a worldwide quarantine pest of fruits and nuts.Efforts to control the codling moth in the past mostly relied on broad-spectrum chemical pesticides. Recently,alternative non-chemical control methods such as mating disruption and the granulovirus of C. pomonella（ Cp GV） are increasingly being adopted,the pest could not be eradicated or suppressed effectively. This lead to a demand for new control tactics that are not only effective but also friendly to the environment. The sterile insect technique（ SIT） is one of the cost effective methods for eradication or suppression of the target population. However,the traditional SIT have some drawbacks： the amount of radiation required for full sterilization leads to lower competitiveness and field performance than those of the wild type,and the sex identification requires manual separation,making the method very labor-intensive. The developments of the genetically modified insects may address some of these limitations. Research progress in the SIT developmental history and the improvement caused by the genetically modified approach in the codling moth is reviewed,and the advantages and the feasibility of the genetically modified approach for codling moth control in China is also discussed.