不同剂型迷向剂处理对苹果蠹蛾控制效果比较

Comparison of control efficiency of mating disruption by using different sex pheromone dispensers against codling moth(Cydia pomonella)

【背景】苹果蠹蛾是我国重要的检疫性害虫,目前从新疆迅速向东部扩散。苹果蠹蛾性信息素胶条迷向剂对防控苹果蠹蛾高效、安全,但成本较高。【方法】2013年在宁夏中卫市常乐镇马路滩村果园使用3种不同剂型的迷向剂对苹果蠹蛾进行了防治试验,每个处理果园面积3.3 hm^2,分别使用性诱剂处理后,用诱捕器监测处理后的诱蛾量,在生长期调查果实为害率,比较防治效果。【结果】通过整个生长季诱捕器监测,悬挂点以900个·hm^(-2)双层处理,胶条迷向剂在开花前处理1次,整个生长季处理区中心部位没有监测到苹果蠹蛾成虫;透明塑管迷向剂分别在开花前和6月底处理2次,整个生长季中心部位平均每个诱捕器诱到3.3头雄蛾;膏体迷向剂分别在开花前和6月底处理2次,整个生长季中心部位平均每个诱捕器诱到12头雄蛾。在6月下旬和果实采收前进行果实为害率调查,胶条迷向剂区平均蛀果率分别为0和0.56%,透明塑管迷向剂区蛀果率分别为0.89%和1.38%,膏体迷向剂处理区蛀果率分别为0.79%和1.38%。常规农药防治区2个时期蛀果率分别为1.44%和3.13%。【结论与意义】综合考虑防治效果和使用成本,在虫口密度高、效益高的果园可以使用胶条迷向剂,膏体迷向剂和透明塑管迷向剂只有在虫口密度较低的情况下使用。

[Background]Codling moth is an important introduced pest in China. It is rapidly spreading from Xinjiang to the eastern regions in recent years. Mating disruption can be an efficient,safe control measure for pest,but it is usually too expensive for farmers. [Method]The effectiveness of three types of dispensers — twisted ties,paste,and plastic tubes — were compared in an orchard located in Zhongwei,Ningxia Province,China,in 2013. The experiment included three plots（ about 3. 3 hm^2·plot^（- 1））. The dispensers were hung in 2 heights at 900 points·hm^（- 2）. One row of the dispensers were hung on the top the canopy,and the other row of dispensers were hung in the middle of the canopy in an alternating pattern. [Result]The results were monitored by sex pheromone traps and the damaged fruit rate in each of the assigned plots. During the growing seasons,no male moths were captured through the use of the twisted tie method. A larger number of male moths were caught in traps through paste and plastic tuber dispenser plots compared with the twisted ties plots. The damaged fruit rates were 0 and 0. 56% in twisted ties plot at the end of June and before harvesting respectively,damaged fruit rates were 0. 89% and 1. 38% in the paste plot,0. 79% and 1. 38% in the plastic tuber plot respectively. The damaged fruit rates were 1. 44% and 3. 13% in the conventional pesticide control plot at the same time.[Conclusion and significance]If the pest population was high,or the products has high value,the twisted tie dispenser could be used. The paste and plastic tuber dispensers could be used only in the low pest population orchards.