新疆不同寄主植物苹果蠹蛾成虫动态调查

The population dynamics of codling moth adults from different host plants in Xinjiang

[背景]苹果蠹蛾是世界性重大检疫害虫,新疆是我国最早发现该虫的地区。监测苹果蠹蛾的种群动态能提高控制效率并阻止其在非疫区蔓延。[方法]利用性诱剂于2008~2009年期间监测苹果蠹蛾成虫在苹果园、梨园、李子园、桃园等生境下种群动态。[结果]苹果蠹蛾在北疆有2个明显高峰期,越冬代成虫高峰期为5月中旬至6月上旬,第1代成虫高峰期为7月中旬至8月中旬;在南疆有3个明显高峰期,分别为6月底至7月上旬、7月下旬至8月上旬和8月底至9月中旬。南疆和北疆的种群数量差异不是很大,单个性诱剂高峰期的种群数量小于10头,平均0.5~2.0头;同一区域苹果蠹蛾在不同作物之间存在一定的差异,但集中在苹果园和桃园。[结论与意义]新疆北疆苹果蠹蛾成虫一年一般发生2代,南疆3代。苹果蠹蛾以苹果园为主要发生区域,同一区域的苹果蠹蛾在相邻果园的苹果、葡萄、梨树上的种群动态具有密切相关性。苹果蠹蛾的种群动态为准确判定防治关键期提供依据,其在不同作物之间的相关性,为区域重点监测对象的判定提供基础依据。

[Background]Codling moth is an important quarantined pest worldwide,and in China,it was first reported in Xinjiang Province. Creating a functional monitoring system for population dynamics can improve the efficiency of control and prevent widespread in non-endemic area. [Method]Population dynamics of codling moth were monitored by pheromone traps in apple,pear,plum,and peach orchards in 2008 ~ 2009 in Xinjiang. [Result]Codling moths in northern Xinjiang have two main population peak time： the first generation adults is from mid-July to mid-August and the overwintering adult peak is from mid-May to early June. In southern Xinjiang,there are three population peak,i. e. at the end of June to early July,end July to early August and end of August to mid-September. The abundance of moths is not significantly different between southern and northern Xinjiang. During peak times of the year,less than 10 individuals were attracted by the one trap,averaging from 0. 5 to 2. 0 moths per trap. Codling moth abundance also varied among orchards being more abundant in apple and peach orchards. [Conclusion and significance]Codling moth adults are known to have two generations in northern Xinjiang and three generations in southern part of the province. Codling moths populations concentrate in apple orchards,and population size is positively correlated with distance from apple,and pear orchards.Population dynamics provide the basis for forecasting the window of control and benefit for the regional monitoring and management.