从索尼兴衰看企业竞争优势及其持续性

An Observation of Enterprise Competitiveness and Sustainability from the Rise and Fall of Sony

关于索尼公司财务绩效逐年下滑的原因众说纷纭,专家学者们纷纷从绩效管理、体制僵化、创新乏力、战略失误、宏观经济等角度给出多种解释。索尼获得竞争优势的根源是什么?又是什么原因使得索尼强大的竞争优势逐渐丧失?从企业竞争优势理论看,核心能力由技术、管理、制度、文化等维度构成,索尼正是拥有了核心能力而获得了竞争优势,但是突破性技术出现时,索尼没有对其核心能力进行更新和再造以获得动态能力,导致核心能力因范式刚性而使其竞争优势消失。当技术范式改变临近时,企业要保持竞争优势,必须从技术、管理、制度、文化等维度,构建或者重置能力。因此,拥有动态能力是企业获得持续竞争优势的关键。

Experts have been trying to explain the yearly decline of Sony＇s financial performance from vari- ous angles：performance management, rigid economic structure, lack of innovation, strategic mistakes and macro economy, etc. From what origin does Sony gain it＇s competitive advantage？ And why is Sony gradu- ally losing it？ From the perspective of enterprise competitive advantage theory, core competence is consis- ted of dimensions such as technology, management, constitution and culture, etc. And having such core competence is the reason why Sony has gained its competitive advantage. But when the new technology has break through, Sony has failed to renew and reforge its core competence in order to obtain dynamic a- bility. And this therefore, causing a normal form rigidity of core competence, hence leading to a loss of competitive advantage. When a normal form changing awaits,in order to keep enterprise competitive ad- vantage, we must construct or rebuild the competence within the dimensions of technology, management, institution and culture etc. Having a dynamic capability is the key of sustainable competitive advantage in enterprises.