2003-2013年高雄市霾日数变化规律与影响因素研究

The Variation and Influencing Factors of Haze Days in Kaohsiung City during 2003-2013

利用2003-2013年高雄站的气象观测数据,统计分析了高雄地区日平均能见度低于5km、平均相对湿度低于80%的霾天气的长期变化。研究发现:近年来高雄市的霾日数在逐年减少;霾日在1年内各季节均有发生,霾日数在冬、秋、春、夏季依次减少。全年霾日一月份发生最多,七月最少,1d内11:00发生霾的可能性最大。在相对湿度小于80%时,随着相对湿度的增大,霾发生的可能性增大;气温越低,越易出现霾日;当风速小于3m·s-1时,霾发生的可能性最大,并且其主导风向为NNW。霾与空气污染指数在年际变化和月变化上都有一定的相关性;PM2.5和PM10的浓度越大时,对霾的形成越有利。

Based on the meteoric data of Kaohsiung station from 2003 to 2013, the variation of haze weathers （average visibility〈5 km; average relative humidity.80%） has been analyzed. It shows that haze days of Kaohsiung have decreased year by year during recent years. Although happening in every season, haze days become less and less in winter, autumn, spring and summer in sequence. Haze days appear mostly in January and least likely in July, while 11：00 a. m. is the most possible time when haze appears in a day. When the relative humidity is lower than 80%, the possibility of the forming of Haze increased with the rising of relative humidity. Plus, the haze weathers tend to formation when the air temperature is low. If wind speed is slower than 3 m . s^- 1, haze may mostly appear with a leading wind direction in NNW. Both haze and air pollution index are related to each other in different years and months. Except special weather, haze forms more frequently when the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 become higher.