手术室特殊手术体位患者术前访视及风险告知的实践研究

A Practice About Preoperative Interview and Risk Informed to Patients With Special Posture When Operation

目的探讨手术室特殊手术体位患者的术前访视及风险告知的实践方法。方法自行设计《手术室重点患者(特殊手术体位)术前访视表》,针对骨外科术中需摆放俯卧位以及腹腔镜手术中需摆放头低脚高位的手术患者进行手术室专科化术前访视,根据术前评估风险进行个性化术前宣教以及风险告知。结果通过对应用《手术室重点患者(特殊手术体位)术前访视表》前、后的术前访视及护理效果的指标对比,手术护士在对告知组患者的眼部并发症风险术前告知率、面部压疮并发症风险术前告知率、手术后患者压疮发生率等方面均好于对照组(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论通过对手术室特殊体位患者的专科化术前访视及风险告知,可提升手术护士术前访视的专科护理内涵,提高手术室护士的风险防范意识,降低相关并发症或不良事件的发生,对探索个性化的术前访视内容及形式进行有益的尝试。

Objective Discussion about the practice method of preoperative interview and risk informed to patients with special posture when operation Methods Self-designed an operation room key patients（special operation posture） preoperative interview table. Aiming at operation patients to be placed in the Trendelenburg position of laparoscopic operation and prone position of bone surgery,arranging a preoperative interview,and arranging a personalized preoperative education and risk disclosure according to risk assessment before operation. Results Through the application of operation room key patients（special operation posture） preoperative interview table relative rate of preoperative interview and postoperative nursing effec are better than before. The rate of ocular complications,facial pressure ulcer complication and the rate of pressure ulcer after operation group are better than control group（P〈0.01,P〈0.05）. Conclusion Through using the preoperative interview table,improving the performance of preoperative interview and risk intention of nurses in operation room,reducing relative complication and failure rate in operation,an active practice to improve the performance of preoperative interview at standard content and process.