摘要
The measurement of circulating blood volume （CBV） is crucial in various medical conditions including surgery, iatrogenic problems, rapid fluid administration, transfusion of red blood ceils, or trauma with extensive blood loss including battlefield injuries and other emergencies. Currently, available commercial techniques are invasive and time-consuming for trauma situations. Recently, we have proposed high-speed multi-wavelength photoacoustic/photothermal （PA/PT） flow cytometry for in vivo CBV assessment with multiple dyes as PA contrast agents （labels）. As the first step, we have characterized the capability of this technique to monitor the clearance of three dyes （indocyanine green, methylene blue, and trypan blue） in an animal model. However, there are strong demands on improvements in PA/PT flow cytometry. As additional verification of our proof-of-concept of this technique, we performed optical photometric CBV measurements in vitro. Three label dyes--methylene blue, crystal violet simultaneous photometric determination of the and, partially, brilliant green--were selected for components of their two-dye mixtures in the circulating blood in vitro without any extra data （like hemoglobin absorption） known a priori. The tests of single dyes and their mixtures in a flow system simulating a blood transfusion system showed a negligible difference between the sensitivities of the determination of these dyes under batch and flow conditions. For individual dyes, the limits of detection of 3×10-6M-3×10-5M in blood were achieved, which provided their continuous determination at a level of 10-SM for the CBV assessment without a priori data on the matrix. The CBV assessment with errors no higher than 4% were obtained, and the possibility to apply the developed procedure for optical photometric （flow cytometry） with laser sources was shown.
The measurement of circulating blood volume （CBV） is crucial in various medical conditions including surgery, iatrogenic problems, rapid fluid administration, transfusion of red blood ceils, or trauma with extensive blood loss including battlefield injuries and other emergencies. Currently, available commercial techniques are invasive and time-consuming for trauma situations. Recently, we have proposed high-speed multi-wavelength photoacoustic/photothermal （PA/PT） flow cytometry for in vivo CBV assessment with multiple dyes as PA contrast agents （labels）. As the first step, we have characterized the capability of this technique to monitor the clearance of three dyes （indocyanine green, methylene blue, and trypan blue） in an animal model. However, there are strong demands on improvements in PA/PT flow cytometry. As additional verification of our proof-of-concept of this technique, we performed optical photometric CBV measurements in vitro. Three label dyes--methylene blue, crystal violet simultaneous photometric determination of the and, partially, brilliant green--were selected for components of their two-dye mixtures in the circulating blood in vitro without any extra data （like hemoglobin absorption） known a priori. The tests of single dyes and their mixtures in a flow system simulating a blood transfusion system showed a negligible difference between the sensitivities of the determination of these dyes under batch and flow conditions. For individual dyes, the limits of detection of 3×10-6M-3×10-5M in blood were achieved, which provided their continuous determination at a level of 10-SM for the CBV assessment without a priori data on the matrix. The CBV assessment with errors no higher than 4% were obtained, and the possibility to apply the developed procedure for optical photometric （flow cytometry） with laser sources was shown.
基金
The work is supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant no. 14-23-00012. We are grateful to Agilent Technologies - Russia and its CEO, Dr. Konstantin Evdokimov, for Agilent equipment used in this study.
