论中世纪英格兰城市与英国的崛起

Research on the Medieval City of England and the Rise of Britain

西欧中世纪城市一度被认为是西方文明的载体而具有较高的社会经济地位,其起源问题在近两个世纪内也被许多史家所关注,观点迥异却又相似。中世纪城市发展的过程与原因紧密相连,但其工商业占主导的特征始终没有改变。中世纪城市在经历了辉煌的几个世纪之后也不可避免地陷入了危机之中,对于这种危机出现的争论至今仍存于学界。工业革命之后,有的中世纪城市永远的消沉,有的则获得了新生,其原因则需要具体分析。本文主要从中世纪城市的起源、功能、转型等方面探讨英格兰城市与英国崛起之间的关系。

Western European medieval city was once considered a carrier of western civilization and have higher social- economic status,their origin question in the last two centuries has been of concern to many historians,different but similar perspective. Medieval urban development process is closely linked with the reasons,but its dominant feature of commerce and industry has not changed. After a splendid medieval city centuries later inevitably fall into the crisis,the crisis appears to argue that also exists in academia. After the Industrial Revolution,and some of the medieval city forever depression,while others gained a new life,the reason you need a specific analysis. This article from the medieval city of origin,function,and transformation of urban crisis late starting to make their own comments and explanation of the various theories about the above problems,discuss the relation between the medieval city of England and the rise of it.