论全面抗战时期的社会教育

On the Social Education during the Full-Scale Counter-Japanese War

全面抗战时期,国民政府主导的社会教育事业主要有:组设社会教育工作团队、设立民众教育馆、督促学校兼办社会教育、推进电化教育和音乐美术戏剧教育,这些事业体现了"唤起民众"的民族意识和抗战意识、施教主体扩大与受教对象集中化以及制度化的特点。共产党领导的根据地社会教育主要有识字教育、思想政治教育、生产生活知识教育三类。由于根据地的社会教育具备基本的经济政治保障,实现了民众的组织化,社会教育与"唤起民众"紧密相连,并且普遍、深入、持久,所以社会教育的中心任务得以落实到一切为了抗战的目的。这是根据地的社会教育成效明显高于国统区社会教育的原因所在。

During the full-scale Counter-Japanese War,the social education programs dominated by the national government mainly included organizing social education work team,setting up public education museum,supervising schools to establish social education,and promoting education with electrical audio- visual aids and the education of music,art and drama. These practices reflected such characteristics as awakening the national consciousness and awareness of resistance against Japan,expanding the teaching subject and focusing on the teachable object and the institutionalization. Under the leadership of the Communist Party,there were three kinds of social education in the base areas,which were education of learning words,ideological and political education,education about production and life. The social education in the base areas,which was common,in-depth and long-lasting,helped provide basic economic and political security,and helped organize the people and formed the closer link between social education and ＂awakening people＂. The central task of the social education was for the war of resistance,which is the reason that the social education of the Communist Party in base areas is significantly more effective than that by the national government.