阔叶红松林中花鼠的集中贮藏洞穴特征

Larder Hoarding Behavior and Burrow Characteristic of Siberian Chipmunk

贮藏食物是许多动物应对食物缺乏期的一种重要行为。花鼠是杂食性动物,以取食植物种子或果实为主。2013年4月~2014年10月,在黑龙江凉水国家级自然保护区,采用野外直接观察法、挖掘测量法对花鼠的集中洞穴特征进行了研究。结果显示：花鼠的贮藏方式主要为集中贮藏,洞穴一般有一个出口,平均洞长为（328.38±24.52）cm,平均洞深为（102.88±5.21）cm,71.43%的洞穴有1个较大的贮藏室,其余28.57%的洞穴有2~3个贮藏室。贮藏的食物种类与野外观察花鼠取食种类有所区别,花鼠不贮藏动物性食物。不同季节中,花鼠集中贮藏的松子重量有所差异（F=4.039,P〈0.05）。在松塔结实大年（2014）与松塔结实小年（2013）中,花鼠集中贮藏松子的重量有显著性差异（F=9.272,P〈0.05）,松子的平均贮藏量为（496.07±140.72）g。本研究有助于理解食物贮藏在啮齿类动物生活史中的作用,为进一步揭示啮齿动物的贮食习性提供了依据。

Food hoarding is an important strategy for many animals to survive during periods of food shortage.From April 2013 to October 2014,we studied the hoarding behavior of Siberian chipmunks（Tamias sibiricus）by methods of field observation,burrow excavation and measurement at Lingshui National Nature Reserve.Heilongjiang Province in China.The results showed that Siberian chipmunks mainly hoarded food in their burrows,which had only one exit hole.The mean length of Siberian chipmunk burrow was 328 ±24 cm,while mean depth was 103 ±5 cm.Seven of ten burrows had a large storage room,the remaining burrows had 2-3 store rooms.The weight of hoarded pine seeds differed significantly between seasons） F=4.039,P 0.05）.The larder hoarding amount of pine seeds differed significantly between a good mast-yearf 2014） and a poor mast- year（2013） of Korean pines（F = 9.272,P 0.05）.Average weight of pine seeds hoarded by chipmunks was 496 ±141 g.This study describes food hoarding by chipmunks and discusses their hoarding behavior.