混流式机组调速器典型机械故障及应对措施

A typical mechanical fault analysis of governor of Francis turbine generator units and countermeasures

大型水电站一般在电网里都担任调频调峰的作用,因此负荷调节比较频繁,且负荷调节的跨度也比较大。为保证机组稳定运行,混流式水轮发电机组往往要避开振动区。由于系统本身的要求和机组所具有的特点,调速器系统(尤其是调速器的机械部分)会出现不同程度的受损。以某大型水电站为例,重点介绍其调速器液压控制系统的组成和各种运行过程。最后以该大型水电站一次主配压阀阀套限位螺栓断裂事故为例,从设备制造安装、运行环境、设备材料等多方面对主配压阀阀芯卡阻继而拉断限位螺栓的事故起因及后续处理措施展开了分析。可为其他类似水电站相应故障的处理提供参考和帮助。

Large- scale hydropower station often plays the role of frequency and peak regulation in electric power grid,so the load regulation features a high frequency and a large span. To ensure the stable operation of the generator unit,it is necessary to avoid the vibration area for the Francis turbine generator unit. Because of the system requirements and the unit＇s characteristics,the governor system（ its mechanical components in particular） will undergo damages in varying degrees. The configuration and operation process of a governor＇s hydraulic control system of a large- scale hydropower station generator unit were introduced.Taking the fracture of the mounting bolt of the main distributing valve pocket as an example,the cause,process and treatment of the fractured mounting bolt as a result of the valve plug jamming were analyzed in terms of production and installation,operation condition,materials of the equipment. The study can provide reference and help for the fault treatment of this type of accident of other similar hydropower stations.