基于RUSLE模型的辽宁省土壤侵蚀定量研究

Quantitative Study on Soil Erosion in Liaoning Province Based on RUSLE Model

以降雨量、土壤、遥感影像及土壤侵蚀普查数据等为基础数据,运用GIS技术,结合修正的通用土壤流失方程(RUSLE)模型对辽宁省土壤侵蚀状况进行研究,分析了土壤侵蚀的空间分布特征以及与不同土地利用类型的关系。研究结果表明:2011年辽宁省土壤侵蚀面积为459.36万hm^2,年均土壤流失量为1.64亿t,年平均侵蚀模数为3 637.8 t/(km^2·a),属于中度侵蚀,土壤侵蚀面积呈现上升趋势;辽西低山丘陵区的土壤侵蚀最为严重,侵蚀面积为191.99万hm^2,城市受人为不合理的生产活动影响严重,导致土壤侵蚀面积增加;林地依旧是辽宁省土壤侵蚀发生的最主要的土地类型,占侵蚀总面积的57.66%,占土地利用类型的38.20%。

Based on the rainfall,soil,remote sensing image and census data of soil erosion,in this paper,we used GIS and 3S technology in association with revised universal soil loss equation（ RUSLE） model to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of the soil erosion and relationship between the distribution and land type in Liaoning province. The results of this research are as follows： 1） area of soil erosion of Liaoning province in 2011 is 4 593 600 hm^2,with annual mean soil loss of 164 million tons and the average annual erosion modulus of 3 637. 8 t /（ km^2·a） and it belongs to moderate erosion,moreover,the area of soil erosion shows the tendency of increase; 2） soil erosion in hilly region of western Liaoning is the most severe and area of soil erosion is 1. 919 9 million hm^2,and cities are seriously affected by unreasonable human activities that lead to the increase of area of soil erosion; 3） forest land is still the main land type with soil erosion in Liaoning province,accounting for about 57. 66% of the total area of erosion and 38. 20% of the land type.