上访还是上诉:中国冲突管理制度建构的二元逻辑

To Petition or to Sue: Building China's Dualistic Conflict Management Regimes

"两类矛盾学说"构成了我国二元冲突管理制度——针对人民内部矛盾的"人民信访"制度,针对敌我矛盾的被视为专政工具的司法制度——建构的基础。改革开放以来,随着阶级思维的消解,建立在人民与敌人二分基础上的冲突管理制度失去了存在的基础,司法由专政的工具转变为解决人民内部矛盾的新场所。由于体制的惯性以及司法改革的滞后,中国的冲突管理过于倚重信访,这是推动社会冲突向着偏离制度化方向演变的一个根本动因。随着全面依法治国理念的提出,中国冲突管理体制有朝司法化方向并轨的迹象与动力。

China＇s conflict management regimes since 1949 were based on Mao＇s ＂Dualistic Contradictions＂theory. The Xinfang（ 信访,Letters and Visits） institutions were designed to deal with the contradictions among the different peoples,and the legal institutions to deal with the contradictions between ourselves and the enemies. Such dualistic regimes were changed gradually since The Reform and Opening up in 1978,with more and more contradictions among peoples were expected to be resolved through the legal institutions.Xinfang still plays a more important role,however,due to the insufficient reform to the legal institutions.There are indications that the dualistic regimes began to pick up speed on the way toward legalization under the background of the comprehensive rule by law.