基于环境立法价值理念下的文化遗产保护研究

Study on the Cultural Heritage Protection based on Environmental Legislation Values

文化遗产作为"人为环境"的要素,在立法保护中应体现可持续发展的价值理念,并具体落实到相关法律制度。从可持续发展的视角,为协调文化遗产的保护与开发及利用的关系,应确立符合生态环境整体利益的发展观。为此,我国应完善"文化遗产影响评估"制度,并纳入现行《环境影响评价法》的修改之中;从文化遗产所具有的公共利益价值出发,可借鉴生态保护补偿制度,制定文物补偿机制,以有利于非国有文物的保护与利用;鉴于气候变化对自然环境带来的不利影响,我国需建立文化遗产保护的风险预警机制,以预防、减缓气候变化对文化遗产可持续利用带来的风险;文化遗产可持续发展需要公众的积极参与,建议制定《文化遗产保护公众参与办法》,以明确文化遗产保护的公众参与权。

Cultural heritage as the elements of ＂the man-made environment ＂,should reflect the ethics of sustainable development in legislation and implement into the relevant legal system. From the perspective of sustainable development,in order to coordinate the relationship between the protection and utilization of cultural heritage,the development view of ecological environment interest should be built up,therefore,the cultural heritage impact assessment should be improved and considered into the amendment of Law on Environment Impact Assessment; From the value of public interest of cultural heritage,shall draw lessons from the eco-compensation system,develop the cultural relics compensation mechanism to protect and utilize the non-state cultural relics; In view of the adverse effects of climate change on the natural environment,we shall establish the risk precaution system to prevent and mitigate the adverse effects of climate change on the sustainable use of cultural heritage; The sustainable development of cultural heritage requires the public participation,therefore,it is suggested to adopt Measures of Public Participation in the Cultural Heritage Protection,stipulating the public participation right in the field of cultural heritage.