马克思恩格斯的“虚假意识”概念及其解释学意义

Marx's and Engels' Interpretation of ‘False Consciousness' and Its Hermeneutic Meaning

"虚假意识"并非指意识的非真实性或虚假性,而主要指人们对意识的两种错误看法,一是那种把意识看做具有独立起源并对经济社会发展起决定性作用的观念;二是那种视意识为经济的附属物并进而将其视为毫无价值的看法。如果仅从字面上理解虚假意识,就不仅不能通过社会意识的各个层面去获得对社会存在的理解和解释,而且会不可避免地陷入一团迷雾之中。只有还"虚假意识"概念的本来面貌,我们才能真正认识和理解马克思恩格斯是如何通过人们的意识而又不限于意识去把握社会的存在状况,并建构起在对资本主义社会所进行的批判性分析和实践性改造基础之上的批判的、实践的解释学的。

‘False consciousness' does not mean the unreality or falsity of consciousness, but means two mistaken at-titudes towards consciousness: one is to regard consciousness as an idea that is of independent origin and deter-mines social and economical development; the other is to regard consciousness as the economical attachment that is useless. If comprehending the consciousness literally, we cannot reach the correct understanding on so-cial being from every level of consciousness, and fall into mess unavoidably. Only through the original reduction of the concept ‘false consciousness', can we understand how Marx and Engels comprehended the social status through analyzing human consciousness, as well as how they construct a critical and practical hermeneutics on the basis of critical analysis and practical transformation in capital society.