胰岛移植的应用及新方法

Application and Progress of New Methods on Islet Transplantation

1型糖尿病是由自体免疫系统破坏胰腺胰岛β细胞引起的,可导致胰岛素严重缺乏。当β细胞被大量破坏时,胰岛素分泌不足引起血糖升高甚至出现酮症酸中毒症状。近年来,胰岛细胞移植发展成为一种有效的治疗1型糖尿病的方法。该文对胰岛移植治疗1型糖尿病的发展史、胰岛移植方法以及面临的问题进行讨论,并详细阐述了提高胰岛移植效率新方法的最新研究进展。这些方法包括扩大供体来源、胰岛细胞和间充质干细胞共移植、应用纳米技术包装胰岛、在胰岛细胞中诱导保护性基因表达等方面。这些新方法可以显著提高胰岛细胞移植效率,不仅可以应用在异体胰岛移植中,也可用在同体胰岛移植过程中。

Type 1 diabetes mellitus （T1D） is caused by the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta （β） cells, resulting in severe insulin deficiency. High blood glucose and Ketoacidosis symptoms are caused by insulin deficiency when beta cells are damaged. Islet cell transplantation is the most promising method for the T1D treatment. In this review, we summarized progresses and problems on islet isolation and transplantation in the T1D treatment. It also introduced the recent advance in current methods used to improve the efficacy of islet transplantation including using xenograft as islet donor, islet co-transplantation with mesenchymal stem cells, islet encapsulation with nanoparticles and induction of protective genes in islets.