中国玉米秸秆资源量估算及其自然适宜性评价

ESTIMATION AND SUITABILITY EVALUATION OF CORN STRAW RESOURCES IN CHINA

系统考证玉米草谷比,科学估算与评价我国玉米秸秆产量及其各种利用途径的自然适宜性,明确玉米秸秆资源开发潜力,促进秸秆资源充分高效利用。利用文献考证法,从大量研究文献中筛选41篇研究论文中的326个玉米草谷比有效样本数据,系统考证玉米草谷比;采用秸秆资源自然适宜性分级法,就玉米秸秆资源在"五料化"利用方面的自然适宜性进行评价。将用于包括新型能源化利用在内的各种用途的玉米秸秆资源划分为最适宜、适宜、次适宜、不适宜等级别。研究结果表明,我国玉米草谷比为1.10;2013年中国玉米秸秆产量高达2.403 368亿t,位居全国各类农作物秸秆产量之首,主要分布于东北地区与黄淮海地区;玉米秸秆适宜用于沼气生产,较适宜于新型能源化利用,即"三化一电";燃用级别为一般适宜级别;在饲料用途方面,玉米茎秆较适宜直接饲喂、适宜加工饲喂,玉米叶梢适宜直接饲喂与加工饲喂;在肥料用途方面,玉米秸秆属于3级有机肥级别;玉米秸秆是目前食用菌生产中较好的原料;玉米秸秆可用于工业加工原料,目前我国以玉米秸秆为原料进行板材、纸浆生产的工业化开发目前尚处于研发阶段;玉米秸秆资源具有多宜性,玉米秸秆资源综合利用应注意合理配置资源、优化利用结构,将其转化为各种优质的原料资源。

Aiming at assessing the output of corn straw resources in China and the suitability of corn straw resources for different utilization ways which were used as fuel,feedstuff,fertilizer,industrial raw material,and base material of edible mushrooms,and the development potential of corn straw resources utilization in China,this paper studied the straw- grain ratio of corn by conducting literature research,and calculated the output of corn straw with the method of ratios of straw to grain and then analyzed itsregional distribution. Using the classification method of natural suitability,it evaluated the suitability of corn straw resources for a given special purpose. The results showed that the ratio of straw to grain of corn was 1. 10,which was different from the previous study. And theoutput of corn straw was2. 40 × 10~8 tons in 2013 in China,ranking first in all kinds of crop straws. The corn straw was mainly distributed in Northeast China and Huang- Huai- Hai region. In present study,corn straw was classified into several classes,such as the most suitable,suitable,sub- suitable,and unsuitable etc.,for the different uses,including as a new energy source. Corn straw was suitable for biogas production and comparatively suitable for solidification,carbonization,gasification and electricity generation,while average suitable for burning. As for feedingof straw resources,the corn stem was comparatively suitable for direct feeding and suitable for feeding after processing,while the leaves of cornwas suitable for feedingdirectlyor after processing. As a kind of organic fertilizers,corn straw was classified as the third class,but it was the good material for cultivation of edible mushrooms,and also it had great potential in industrial processing as raw material utilization. The evaluation results indicated that the corn strawwas abundant and suitable for many uses. It suggested that the utilization structure of corn straw resources should be more optimized and reasonable,and transfer the corn straw resources into various kinds of high quality raw material.