清末兴学与常熟士绅的权力嬗递——以《徐兆玮日记》为中心

Promotion of Modern Education and Power Transmutation of Gentry in Changshu County in the Late Qing Dynasty: Focusing on The Diary of XU Zhaowei( 《徐兆玮日记》)

清末废科举兴学堂不仅是一场由朝廷主导的教育改革,同时也是传统时代社会晋升途径的颠覆,学堂教育的领导权成为地方士绅竞相争夺的焦点。以丁祖荫、徐兆玮等人为首的常熟县少壮派士绅,通过传播新学思想,开办新式学校,组织学务团体,成为地方开展新学的主力。随着少壮派士绅的社会影响力不断扩大,与地方权力既得利益的耆旧派士绅发生冲突,双方围绕学务公所、教育会和师范传习所的开办与领导权等问题展开了激烈争夺,最终少壮派士绅在地方自治之后逐渐掌握学务主导权。围绕着这场教育改革的权力之争,士绅群体除了新旧理念之争外,背后还交织着朝野、辈分、阶层、利益、城乡等复杂的因素,但归根结蒂,贯穿众多因素的主要线索还是新旧嬗变。

As a government- dominated reform in education,the abolishment of imperial examination system and promotion of modern schools in the late Qing Dynasty blocked a traditional pathway of local gentry to a higher social rank. With the implementation of'Local Self- government',the former prevailed and gradually dominated in the development of modern education. That competition for the leadership of education reform reflected the disparity between traditional and new thoughts,to which,several complicated factors also contributed. It ultimately reflected the transmutation of the 'old'with the 'new'.