世界竞技体育空间格局演变

EVOLVEMENT OF SPATIAL PATTERN OF WORLD＇S COMPETITIVE SPORTS

以奥运会成绩为依据，以参赛国家（地区）为研究对象，运用系统聚类分析法把各国成绩进行分类，得出世界竞技体育空间格局及其演变过程．结论如下：世界竞技体育整体水平逐步提高．第一集团经历了美、苏轮流独霸，美、俄共同称霸，美、中、俄三足鼎立三个阶段．第二集团国家数量由2个发展到7个，是竞争最激烈的一个集团．第三集团国家数量不固定，具有分水岭性质．第四集团历来规模最大，随着奥运会扩军今后规模将继续扩大．影响世界竞技体育格局演变的动力机制包括：世界整体体育实力增强，竞争逐渐激烈；国家之间综合国力变化；国际战略形势影响；体育全球化的推动；奥运会东道主以及比赛项目的影响．

In order to understand the difference of different countries＇ competitive sports and its evolution, Olympic Games performance was used as basis, competing nations were used as study objects and system clustering analysis method was used as research method, so world＇ s competitive sports spatial pattern at different times can be divided. These conclusions can be got ： The overall level of world＇ s competitive sports is gradually raised. The first group of woad＇ s competitive sports passed through three phases, now a situation of tripartite confrontation of China, Russia and American is formed and it will continue for a long time. The second group is the most competitive group and it developed from 2 countries to 7 countries, in the future it will be more competitive. The third group＇ s number is not regular and will change more, it is the watershed of world＇ s competitive sports. The fourth group＇ s scale is the largest all the time. The reasons that influenced world＇ s competitive sports pattern are ： The raising of overall level of world＇s competitive sports, fierce competition between countries; the change of different country＇s comprehensive national strength; international strategic situation; sports globalization; the Olympic Games host and competition event.